1298 FORESTRY 



the fruit of the varieties the grapes of which fall when ri])e, and which are 

 gathered by s])reading cloths beneath the stocks, or shaking the latter, and 

 afterwards separating the gra])es from the impurities (leaves, branch de- 

 bris, etc.), by means of a fan. These grapes fetch on the avrage from ^/^ d. 

 to I d. per lb. On the other hand, the varieties from which the ripe grapes 

 do not drop are cropped by gathering the grapes; their fruits are sometimes 

 eaten as table grapes and fetch a slightly higher ])rice than those above re- 

 ferred to, but they cannot stand length}^ transport. Excellent jellies, jams 

 and syrups, etc., are made with " Muscadine " grapes. 



The United States Department of Agriculture is at present engaged in 

 experimental selection of Muscadine stocks with the object of producing 

 varieties possessing: i) better adhesion of the grape to the bunch; 2) larger 

 size of the bunch ; 3) a higher sugar content ; 4) less acidity ; 5) a 

 better pulp ; 6) smaller and fewer stones ; 7) a finer skin ; 8) uniform ripen- 

 ing ; 9) self -fertilisation. A large number of excellent seed plants and se- 

 veral much esteemed varieties have already been obtained. A group of 

 49 nurseries has been established, where 50 % of the plants show perfect 

 flowering and self-pollenation, and where there is not even a single sterile 

 male plant. Plence the belief that the complete realisation of the objects 

 in view is a question of time has become a conviction. Furthermore, a num- 

 ber of highly promising hybrids have been obtained between the Musca- 

 dine stocks and the American Euvitis, and between the Muscadines and the 

 Vinifera. 



The Muscadine stocks are remarkably exempt from diseases and insect 

 pests. The most serious disease is " blackrot " {Guignardia Bid^sjellii) 

 which, in unfavourable years, attacks the flower buds and the leaves, but 

 to a far less serious extent than in the case of Euvitis. Control measures 

 consist in spra3'ing with Bordeaux mixture. 



Among insect pests, mention must be made of the grapevine flea beetle 

 {Haltica chalybea) and an unidentified coleopteroii (snout beetle) ; the damage 

 hitherto caused by them, however, is insignificant. 



988 - Relations between Forest Valuation and Management. — frey p., in Zt-Z/sc/ni/i 



fiir Forst- unci Jagdwescn, No. 12, Berlin, 1915. 



Adherents of the theory of the net produce of the soil base their calcu- 

 lations of forest value on the determination of " expectation values " as re- 

 gards such forest stands as the forest is capable of producing. In drawing 

 conclusions from their results they take as their basis the " expectation 

 value of the soil " resulting from the yields stated in money which in theory a 

 soil devoted to forest cultivation is capable of furnishing after deducting the 

 expenses of cultivation. They classify as being theoreticalh' most ad- 

 vantageous to the fore-st owner that method of working which allows of 

 reckoning on the highest sum as the " expectation value of the soil ". Al- 

 though they recommend that a low rate of interest be adopted, they leave 

 it to the free discretion of the forest owner to choose the rate, which is the 

 factor influencing in the greatest degree the result of the computations. 



The great disadvantage presented by this method is that the most ad- 

 vantageous mode of workins: does not coincide with the maximum amount 



