RURAL ECOXOMICS 1339 



parison of the farm anah'sis records adopted in criticising the farms of 

 lowest return. 



In view of the importance of maize-growing in the region in question, 

 farm B shows that it has a unit production superior to the average of the 

 region, and an index of realisation of the products of livestock much higher 

 than the average, and better than that of the most paying farms. The low 

 reward to the farmer, below the average, is exclusively due to the insuf- 

 ficient area of the farm as compared with the unit of labour of the men and 

 horses used. The owner of the farm A, who possessed a smaller farm than 

 B, rented an area of land which enabled him to get rid of this disadvanta- 

 geous factor, considering that the normal farm in the region covers about 

 130 acres. He thus secured a high reward for his labour, in spite of the low 

 efficiency of the conversion of feeds by his cattle. From a study of the va- 

 rious organisations as compared with the standard organisation represented 

 by the average of a large number of farms (50 to 100) for each zone studied, 

 practical indications are drawn for farm organisation considerably reducing 

 the practical apprenticeship of farmers, and laying the rational bases for 

 farm organisation in each agricultural region. 



From the experience gained during the first period of organisation 

 of this important demonstration Bureau, the following conclusions are drawn: 

 i) In each region some farmers obtain results much in excess of 

 the average from their farm. 



2) These farms paying better than the others are not easy to di- 

 stinguish by mere external examination, on the basis of the more or less 

 good condition, the more or less high qualit}' of the livestock, or the total 

 of the cash receipts. 



3) The onh' reliable method for comparing the economic result ob- 

 tained by a farmer with that of other farmers in a particular region consists 

 in comparing the respective labour incomes (i). 



4) For the majority of farmers who wish to improve the economic 

 results of their farms it is extremely useful to determine the labour reward 

 of the farmer, and if it is too low, to analyse the organisation of their farms 

 in its various component parts, and afterwards to compare the data thus 

 isolated with those of other farmers working under like conditions. 



5) It is comparatively easj' to make a brief analysis record of organisa- 

 tion, to calculate the farmer's labour income, and then to pass on to a 

 critical comparison of these data on other farms, in order to determine the 

 necessary changes in such organisation. 



6) Farmers generally are very favourable to this work of demonstra- 

 tive research, provided the work is put to them in the proper way and at 

 the right moment. 



7) County agricultural agents and the teaching staff of schools 



( I ) The lah(jur of the tanner is calculated by deducting f r< )m the gross i)rc)ceeds the expenses 

 and capital interest at 5 %. The expenses include the labour performed by members of the 

 farmer's family, reckoned according to equivalent wages for hired labour. On the other hand 

 the farm products constuned by the farmer's lamily do not appear. (i'') 



