INDUSTRIES DEPENDING ON ANIMAI, PRODUCTS I359 



dustry countries, does not exist in Argentina. Some municipalities alone, 

 such as those of Buenos Aires, Rosario, Mendoza and Cordoba, have intro- 

 duced compulsory tuberculin inoculation in city cow sheds(" tambos ") ; 

 but as only the municipality of Buenos Aires grants an indemnity for the 

 animals lost through this practice, this inoculation causes great injur\^ to 

 cow keepers. The latter often attribute disease to the inoculation, and op- 

 pose the use of this preventive treatment. As regards rural cow sheds, 

 tubercuhn inoculation was imposed by the order of the i6th December i88g 

 and the additional decree of the 27th Ma}' 1901. These enactments were 

 set aside by the General Direction of Health in consequence of a petition 

 from the Argentine rural Societ3% as the manner in which they were applied 

 was not in keeping with the precepts of hygiene. The general sanitary police 

 regulations, approved by decree of November 1906, conferred on the Uve- 

 stock division of the Department of Agriculture the right of inspection in 

 all that related to this branch of production. Articles 41 and 42 provide 

 that all cow sheds where milk is produced and treated ma}' be inspected 

 b}' the above Division, for the purpose of sampling milk and subjecting it 

 to bacteriological analysis. All the establishments in whose products the 

 bacillus of tuberculosis has been found are compelled to pasteurise the milk 

 sold or handled by them. Nevertheless, so far, this enactment has not been 

 enforced. 



On the initiative of Dr. Bai^dgmero Sommer, the municipaht}' of 

 Buenos Aires in February 1910 enforced an order promulgated on the 13th 

 December 1907, declaring " hygienisation " of milk intended for consump- 

 tion in the city of Buenos Aires to be compulsory. The order gives the 

 widest possible sense to this term " hygienisation ". It was cited by wa}' of 

 example to other towns at the international Refrigeration Congress held at 

 Paris in 1908. 



In Buenos Aires, the death rate for children below one year was, in 

 1889, 19.3 % of the children born viable ; in 1909 it had fallen to 9.9 %, 

 which diminution the writer attributes to the hygienic control of infant 

 food. 



An order of the Direction of Health of Da Plata inposes very strict super- 

 vision over factories of dairy products employing steam plant. 



Cream is not subjected to any sanitary measure. 



III. — Testing the Quatjty of Milk and Butter Making. — An 

 inspection of this kind is only adopted by the municipalities of Buenos Aires 

 and Rosario. The most frequent adulterations are watering and skimming. 

 The Author mentions a curious method of effecting skimming when the 

 milk is being deUvered ; the milkman places a skimmer beneath the seat 

 of his cart, the blades being driven by means of a belt which takes its 

 movement from the wheels. 



The decree of the 4th October 1904 provided inspection for Initter manu- 

 facture and the " Comision nacional de Ivccheria " in July 1905 submitted a 

 scheme for regulations under this decree. It limits insj^ection to the factories 

 of butter for exportation; the decree has never been enforced. 



The absence of supervision of the quality of milk and of butter mak- 



