lOlG HTJILDIXG COXSTRUCTIOX 



Cuba 2 43,v Imprdvomcjil in sugar mills. 



2 458. Improvement in machines for slrii)])in<^ sugareanc leaves. 

 2 466. Filter-press. 

 Denmark 21 127. Plant thinning machine. 



21 128. Device for the cooling of preserve glasses and jars. 

 21 135. lyink for iron tether. 

 I'-rance )7<) 538. Sprayer utilizing bicycle pumps as source of pressure. 



United-Kingdom 193- Foster mother for chickens. 



787. Machine for preparing Hbres for spinning. 

 789. Tea rolling machine. 

 , I 255. ]Machine for thinning root crops. 



I 323. Insect traps. 

 United States i 176 182 ■ — i 178 552 — i 178 903 — i 180 962. Traction engines. 

 I 177 497. Calf weaner. 

 1 177 783 — I 178 761 — I 178 838 — I 179 066 — I 179 900 — I 180 476 



Tractors. 

 I 178 782. Com topper. 



BUILDING 791 " Inverted Siphons Replace Bridges where Canals Cross Roads.- 'I'lu limiihrr- 



CONSTRUCTION" iiii', Rfcoyd, Vol. 73, Xo. IS, p. .\y^. New York, April 8, 1916. 



The extensive system of main irrigation canals and laterals in the Im- 

 perial Valley California has presented in many places the problem of get- 

 ting the highways across the canols without interfering with the function 

 of either. Bridges were built across the larger canals but as the channels 

 are above ground level, heavy gradients were required for the approaches. 



It was formerly believed that inverted siphons would not be feasible 

 on account of the quantities of silt carried by the irrigation water and which 

 it was feared would fill up an under-ground conduit. Experiment, however, 

 has proved that velocities of 2ft. per second would keep the corrugated pipe 

 siphons clear of silt although 3ft. per second is desirable for carrying the 

 heavier sands. As a result a great many siphons have been installed and 

 this has led to a much more satisfactory road system. 



A number of these siphons are of corrugated iron pipe with collars 

 and head walls of concrete ; others, where concrete material is lacking have 

 timber head walls. It has been found that Oregon pine inlet and outlet walls 

 last about eight years in the dry soil and this is considered as suitable as 

 more permanent work. 



The inverted siphon method obviates all difficulties where it is necess- 

 ary to carry two canals across a road and across each other. This is now 

 done by means of two siphons, one beneath the other. 



792 - Small Irrigation Canals Lined with Concrete to Prevent Seepage Water Loss. — 



I{d\v.\kds, C. I'., in t:'.n'^iiu\-rinv Krcord, \'ol. 73, Xos. if' and i;, pp. siil~i -Sio and 539-541. 

 Xew York, .Vpril 15 and 22, 191 6. 



As a result of lining with concrete about 40 per cent of the canals 

 and laterals of the Okanogan irrigation project in W^ashington, seepage 

 losses have been reduced from 51 to about 13 per cent of the total water 

 received at the head works. The lining has been placed in the sections of 



