1050 INJURIOUS INSECTS : GENERAL 



clover field, causing a continiKuis falling off in production; (23) A.pomonac 

 Fabr. was found at Kharkov in small quantities on peas and vetches (with 

 Sitones Jineatus); (24) .4. craccae L., at Riazan, was observed on vetches and 

 oats ; (25) Melolontha melolontha L- was noted at Orel, Kuorsk, Kharkov 

 and Ekaterinoslav ; (26) Anisoplia austriaca Herbst caused great injury at 

 Kharkov, Ekaterinoslav and Kherson ; it was observed at Stavropol and 

 in Bessarabia ; {zy) A. crucifera Herbst, at Kaluga, caused little harm ; at 

 Riazan, more extensive damage; (28) A. segetum Herbst appeared in hosts dur- 

 ing the flowering of the rye but occasioned no injury ; the}- were also observed 

 at Stavropol ; (29) A. cyarthigera vScop. was recorded at Stavropol; (30) A. 

 agnota and A. fen aria were abundant in Astrakhan at the time of earing 

 of the wheat and rye ; (31) Epicometis hirta Pod. and Oxythyrea funesta 

 Pod. in Bessarabia, devoured the ears of rye, and 0. funesta the flowers of 

 wheat ; (32) Pentodon idiota Herbst, at Ekaterinoslav, Kherson and in 

 Bessarabia, caused injury to maize ; at Kiev, it was found in a ditch 

 surrounding a beet field. 



II) Lepidoptera — (i) Ochsencheimeria taurella Schiff. caused ex- 

 tensive damage at Orel, Riazan and Kaluga; (2) Talis quercella Schiff., 

 destroyed several hundred acres of pasture in April and May at Astrakhan; 

 (3) Phlycfaenodes stidicalis L- was observed in small numbers at Riazan on 

 the grass, and in an oak forest ; damage not noted ; a few at Kharkov, in- 

 juring beets in some localities ; also a few at Kiev ; at Ekaterinoslav the lar- 

 vae injured maize ; fewer in Bessarabia than in 1912 and 1913, and observ- 

 ed on lucerne ; hardl}' noticed in the Crimea ; at Kherson (experimental 

 field) the lucerne was completely destroyed, and rye half destroyed ; at 

 Ekaterinoslav, the first generation larvae injured the beet sowings ; a normal 

 number also seen at Astrakhan ; (4) Pyrausfa nubilalis Hb., caused great 

 damage at Riazan to hemp, which was completely destroyed in some loca- 

 lities ; injury noted at Kiev to maize, millet, and once to mustard ; appa- 

 rently the larvae also injure the sunflower ; in Bessarabia, in the government 

 of Tchernomorsk, and at Ekaterinoslav, this insect did extensive damage 

 to maize ; at Ekaterinoslav, in some localities, the injur}' destroyed the 

 entire crop; (5) Acronyda rumicis L., at Kiev, observed in the larval form en 

 the leaves of the ornamental sunflower, the raspberry bush and Rumex con- 

 fertus Willd. ; also found on maize and en vine lea\ es ; (6) Phisia gamma L. 

 was noted at Kiev, adult in spring wheat sowings, and larvae in beet fields ; 

 also reported at Astrakhan and in Bessarabia ; (7) Trachea 'Hadena) ha- 

 silima Tb. observed at Orel, at Riazan (on rye ears and in grain) ; likewise 

 at Kaluga and Ekaterinoslav, where it occurred widely (the yoimg larvae 

 found on oats); (8) Hydroecia niditans Bkh., in considerable quantities at 

 Tver.^Tula, Orel, Riazan and Kaluga; (9) Oria {Tapinostola) musculosa Hb. 

 at Ekaterinoslav was one of the insects causing most havoc to grain crops; 

 in 1913, 376,560 acres were attacked; in 1914 the insect was found nearly 

 as plentifully as in the previous year, but involving a larger area : of 754 625 

 acres of spring cereals, 200 560 were damaged or destroyed, i. e. about 

 25 % ; M. ViTKOV.SKij gives the following features observed in the' growth 

 of the insect: ia) early emergence of the larva (first injuries noted 4th April); 



