INJURIOT'S IXSr.CTS : GI.NI'RAI, IO53 



till the beginning of July, the cost exceeding £ 400 ; the same was done 

 at Baku, Elisavetpol, Ekaterinodar and in the region of Tourgajsk. 



VII) Thysaxoptkra. — (i) Antlioihrips acuhatiis Fabr. was met with 

 very frequently on rye ears at Kaluga ; (2) Haplothrips trifici Kurd, and 

 Steiiothrips graminitm Usef. were observed in considerable quantities ; 

 the former sucked the glumes and grain of rj'-e, the latter was found on oats 

 and seemed to lead to whitening of the ears; in June and July H. tritici 

 was found in quantities on the inflorescences of red clover (it was less fre- 

 quent on white clover) ; at Tchernigov, it was observed that the Thysa- 

 noptera had been carried, away from the land where previously found, 

 through the agency of red clover roots ; at Ekattrinoslav the}' occurred very 

 widely and attacked wheat and oats (in the latter case, H. tritici); at Astra- 

 klian these Th) sanoptera caused injury to wheat, and were found very ex- 

 tensively on this crop in Bessarabia. 



VIII) Insects attacking special crops. — (A) Beetroot — (1) 

 Bot/iynoderes pitnctiventris Germ., at Kiev, in 1014, as in the previous year, 



it was found in smaller numbers, so that no control measures were organised 

 on many farms ; at Kharkov, Tchernigov, Ekaterinoslav and Ekaterinodar, 

 it caiised injury ; (2) Lixiis ascanii L. : at Ekaterinodar, M. VasiliEV 

 noted its eggs, yellow in colour, on the stalks oi Ainavmiihus blitum E- with 

 which a beet field was severely infested ; (3) Psalidium maxilosmn Eabr. 

 observed at Ekaterinoslav ; (4) Tynamecus palliatus F. noted at Kiev ; 

 (5) Liparus coronaius Goeze found on May 14 in the small ditches surrounding 

 land under beet, on the 17th Ma}^ it was observed that the eggs had been laid 

 in the soil ; on the 29th May some eggs were found near the roots of a car- 

 rot ; on the 8th June the eggs were found laid on carrot roots ; at the end 

 of June larvae appeared, and on the ist September they returned into the 

 ground; the adults devoured the leaves of the beet (beginning with the pa- 

 renchyma of the midrib) and the carrot (eating transversely) ; (6) Cassi- 

 dida nohilis L. noted at Kiev ; (7) Castroidea polygoni L- noted at Kiev ; 

 (8) Thanofophitus siriuatus E- at Kiev ; the larvae injured the crops 

 of beet and CJienopodium album ; in the laboratory of the agricultural Sta- 

 tion of Smielna, the adults readily eat the leaves of the beet ; (g) Aphis 

 euvonymi rmnicis papaveris F., at Kiev ; the insect was found on the upper 

 and under surface cf beet leaves ; viburnum and jasmine are centres of 

 propagation of this aphid on the beet; VasiliEV fcimd females of this insect 

 en the roots of beets left on the field after the crop ; (10) Macrosiplmm cir- 

 cumfednm Buskton at Kiev, found on the beet; (11) Lygus praiensish. 

 appears to winter in the adult form ; Vasiliev found this insect, in 1913, 

 on the upper part of the root stock of rotted beets which had lain on the 

 field through the winter ; on the 18th July 1914, eggs were found on a fen- 

 nel stalk ; (12) Piesma capitata Wolff. : at Kiev, this insect had laid its eggs 

 on the lower part of beet leaves in spring ard summer ; there are 2 genera- 

 tions and the adults of the second hibernate ; on the 3rd August Vasiukv 

 observed the insect feeding on the nectar cf the mignonette ; (13) Bibio 

 honulamis E. and Bibio marci E. at Kiev, the former in small numbers, but 



