SUGAR CROPS 1 1 17 



Bomhax Miinguba {" Monguba ") and Eriodcndron anfractuosum 

 (= Ceiba pentandra) (" sumauma ") yield seeds which furnish an oil 

 similar to that of cotton. 



Guilherninea speciosa ("pupunha") has fruits of fine flavour the seeds 

 of which furnish an abundance of oil similar to that of the coconut. 



Sapindiis Saponaria {" saboeiro "), very common in the Lower Amazon ; 

 its fruits have a skin which contains about 30 "o ^^ saponin, from which a 

 highly esteemed soap is made ; its kernel yields an edible oil very like that 

 of the olive. 



Hevea brasiliensis {" syringa ") produces a drj-ing oil. 



Sacoglottis UcJii {" uchy ") furnishes an edible oil. 



Poraqueiba serica (" umary "), from the pericarp a highly aromatic 

 oil is extracted. 



Tlieobroma microcarpa (" cacao-rana "), T. speciosa ("cacao-y"), 

 and T. grandiflora (" cuprassii ") provide aromatic substances. Their 

 fats are also used as a substitute for cocoa. 



Matisia paraensis (" capuassurana ") produces oil. 



Copaifera gityanensis (" copahj^ba ") furnishes the well known medi- 

 cinal oil on tapping the tree. 



Sacoglottis amazonica (" uchy-rana "), Symphonia globulifera (" anany ") 

 and Rheedia niacrophylla (" bacur3'-pary ») furnish copal and oleo-resin. 



The Author points out that he only enumerates the most important 

 and most common plants in the State of Para, and he also gives a list of 

 several other plants the botanical identification of which has not yet been 

 carried out. 



865 - Description of the Varieties of Sugar Cane under Extensive Cultivation. — jks- sugar crops 



wiET J., ill Mcdcdcclin'j,cn van het Procfstalion vour dc J ava- S uikcrindiist ric, Archici voor dc 

 Suikcrindustrie in Nederlandsch /«rfzg, XXIVth Year, Parts 12 aiid 13. Soerabaja, March 

 and April 191 6. 



The importance is emphasised of a good description of the dilTerent 

 varieties of st:gar cane under extensive cultivation, with a view to ascertain- 

 ing their individual characteristics, preventing a mixture of the cuttings » 

 (" bibit ") used on the plantations and obtaining a guarantee of purity and 

 origin. Besides this, the inspection of the plants and examination of the 

 cuttings imported or purchased from nurserjonen is only possible if a pre- 

 cise description of the known varieties is available. 



The different proposals of other writers who have dealt with the 

 question of systematising the knowledge of the sugar cane are reviewed and 

 rejected, owing both to the insufficiency and the inconstancy of the 

 characters described. 



In the form of the internodes, their colour and the mode of insertion of 

 the leaves, some fairly fixed and absolute distinctive characters were found 

 in the sugar cane from 4 to g months old. It is chiefly however in the form 

 of the buds and also the distribution of the hairs over the outer scales of the 

 buds and onthe different parts of the leaves, that a sure means has been dis- 

 covered for identifying the diiTereut varieties and combining them in certain 

 groups representing the same characters and probably of the same origin. 



