1 140 CATTI.E 



viously drawn from it. In some cases it was even possible to inject 

 twice the quantity of milk previously drawn from 1he udder. 



It was also sought to determine by exact measurements the quantity 

 of milk formed in the udder. Before milking, i. e. at the end of the rest 

 period, the udder contains a quantity of milk made of up two parts, a and h. 

 The part a represent^: the quantity of milk present in the largest galacto- 

 phorous ducts of the udder (i) and which can be extracted by means of a 

 milking tube, while the part /; is the quantity of milk contained in the finer 

 ducts and influenced by still other factors (capillarity etc) . Part a is obtained 

 by putting the milking tube into the channel in the teat. Part h is extracted 

 by the Author in the following way : first the milk contained in the main 

 ducts is removed, then the cow is killed, and when the blood has been entirely 

 withdrawn, the teat is removed : it is put into a tureen, cut into pieces 

 and then gently pressed. For this purpose cows yielding from 6 to 12 litres 

 per day were used. The quantity of milk obtained from the small galacto- 

 phorous ducts varied from 250 to 700 cc. ; it averaged 500 cc. 



The experiments showed that the milking tube gave a quantity of 

 milk almost equal to that obtained by remilking the cows after this opera- 

 tion. The quantity of milk formed during the rest period is equal to that 

 found in the main ducts plus the contents of the small ducts he\ore the pre- 

 paration for milking. This latter quantity, as said above, averages 500 cc. 

 From this however there must be deducted the quantity of the milk remain- 

 ing in the udder from the last milking but one : it is always less than 500 

 cc. The quantity of milk formed during the milking equals the milk obtained 

 by milking after removing the milking tube plus the milk left in the small 

 ducts ajter milking (less than 500 cc). Although the ratio between these 

 two quantities of milk varies according to the individual and the excita- 

 bility of the mammary glands, it may be said that the quantities formed dur- 

 ing the period of rest and even during milking are equal in normal cows in 

 good condition of lactation. 



This rule is not confirmed when the second phase has been produced 

 by stimulations other than those of the milker's hand. In those cases a 

 larger quantity is obtained from the small ducts. This fact suggests that 

 this stimulation, which leads to a downward movement of the milk, is not 

 sufficient in the second phase to get out all the milk which the udder is 

 capable of holding. In order to secure the whole of the milk the teat must 

 be constantly stinndated. 



This fact is of innnense importance in connection with the use of 

 milking machines. With mechanical milking, the mechanical stimulation 

 is still greater than with hand milking, but even then milk always remains 

 behind in the small ducts. This stagnation of the milk is injurious and 

 hinders the formation of the fluid. 



In the following chapter particulars are given of observations on fatten- 



(i) The Author iiicans by "largest galactophorous (hicts " those ducts the contents of 

 'A'hich are influenced by the same forces as the milk in the ducts connnunicating directly with 

 the main duct. (Erf.). 



