INSECTS PESTS. - MEANS OF PREVENTION AND CONTROI. 1553 



in New vSouth Wales (Australia), in the Philippines, in India (North Coorg,) 

 and in Ceylon (Colombo, Maskeliya and Mandulsima) . In southern Eu- 

 rope the larvae eat into the flowers and the shoots. In the Phillippines they 

 bore :nto the rinds of Citrus fruits making a gaU, so that the fruits may be 

 seriously damaged. It is quite possible that this insect will soon become 

 a pest in India and Ce^'lon, where at present its interest is purely ento- 

 mological. 



H38-The Caterpillars of the Goat Moth (Cossus cossus) and the Codling Moth 

 (Carpocapsa pomone/la) and their Powers ot Resistance to Cold. — guev- 



LARD, F. P., ill Comptfs Rcndiis dcs Si-aiuccs de la Sociiic de Biolo'^ic, Vol. lyNXIX, No. 15^ 

 pp. 774-777, Paris, Jtily jo, 1916, 



Experiments show that the caterpillar of Cossus cosstts can resist freez- 

 ing of all its organs and tissues. The caterpillar does not appear to suft'er 

 even if it is frozen any number of times. A quick transition from a tempe- 

 rature of-150 C. to one of 30° C. does not cause death and does not apparently 

 change the tissues. This resistance results from an adaptation which only 

 occurs in nature during the cold season. It disappears completely during 

 the hot heather. 



The caterpillar of Carpocapsa pomonella apparently reacts to cold in 

 exactly the same way as that of Cossus. This remarkable resistance to 

 cold does not seem to be verj' wide spread among the invertebrates. It 

 is even far from occuring in the xylophagus larvae. 



These differences seem to be correlated with certain peculiarities in 

 the mode of life of these larvae. 



1 139 -Observations on the Insect Parasites of SomeXoccidae. — imms, a. d., Ui The me.\n.^ 



Quaiirrly Journal o; Microscnpical Science, Xo\. 6i, Part. 3, pp. 217-274, 3 l-'i^s. 2 PI. 

 lyondon, roiO. 



This is the first of a series of papers dealing with the biology- of the 

 principal insect parasites of certain Coccidae, with a view to determine 

 the importance of these parasites in their relation to a famil}^ whose econo- 

 mic importance is ^^erj^ considerable. That certain of the Coccidae are ex- 

 tensively parasitised is well knowii, but up to the present time, little has been 

 known of the effects of this parasitism. At the same time these, cannot be 

 understood until the essential characters of the relation between host an-l 

 parasite are fully known. The present paper treats of Aphelinus mytilaspi- 

 dis I.e Baron, one of the chief parasites of the " mussel,, scale [Lepidosa- 

 phes idmi^'l,.). 



The paper contains a ^-ery complete bibliography, and clear illustra- 

 tions. 



L. ulmi is the commonest of the injurious Coccidae found in the British 

 Isles. Its favourite food-plant is the apple, but Quaintance and Sasscek 

 record over ii8 host plants. It has been stated that the females begin to 

 lay their eggs on or about August 17, and that the}' continue oviposition 

 on into September. By the end of October almost all the parents are dead 

 and their scales protect the eggs. The newly hatched larvae appeared on 

 Ma}- 21 in the following year, and the developmental cycle is completed by 



OF PREVENTION 



."^ND CONTROL 



