INSECTS PESTS. - MEANS OF TREVENTION AND CONTROL 1555 



extremely limited powers of migration ; 2) its relatively low fecundity ; 

 3) its marked susceptibility to the influence of unfavourable climatic con- 

 ditions ; 4) the effects of the second annual generation of parasitism being 

 only partial and incomplete. 



ii^c - Aphicus hesperidum n. sp., an Ectophagous Parasite on the Cochineal 

 of Citnis Fruits Chrysomphalus dictyospermi in Spain (i).— mercet, r. g., 



in Rcvista dc la Real Acadcmia dc Ciencias cxacias, fisicas, y naturales de Madrid, 

 Vol. XIV, No. II, pp. 776-78H, Fir. 1-5 Madrid, 1916 



A description of the the new Chalcidid Aphycus hesperidum, an ecto- 

 phagous parasite of the cochineal insect discovered by the writer on orange 

 trees (at Seville, Huelva, Valencia and Palma in Mallorca); on laurels 

 (at Palma in Mallorca) and on oleanders (at Seville) which had been attack- 

 ed by this cochineal. 



The female of this Chalcidid lays her eggs under the silpha of the 

 host, which later on is devoured by the larva after it has been hatched. 



Among the natural enemies of Chrys. dictyospermi (2), the writer parti- 

 cularly mentions Aphelinus chrysomphali, which he has described in an 

 earlier paper, Prospaltella lounshuryi and Chilocorus hipustulatus. 



ii^i- Hyperaspis binotata, a Coccinellid Beetle Predatory on Eulecanfum 



nigrofasciatum (terrapin scale) — Simanton, f. l., in the journal of A^^ritui- 



tural Research, Vol. V, No. 5, pp. 197- 203, i Fig., PI. XXIV-XXV. Washington, D. C. 1916. 



During a good season the adults of Hyperaspis binotata Say destroy 

 great quantities of Eulecanium nigrofasciatitm Pergande. They hibernate 

 on the bark and in the vegetable refuse at the foot of peach trees infested 

 by terrapin scale. The}- emerge towards the end of .\pril (at Mount Alto, 

 Pa.) Mating takes place in the spring and oviposition continues until 

 the beginning of September. 



The larvae not only devour the young of the scale but also the adults. 

 It is estimated that a single lar\^a of Hyperaspis is able to destro}^ 90 mature 

 scales and 3000 larvae of Eulecanium. 



H. binotata is common in the whole of the territory east of the Mi.ssis- 

 sippi, and extends west of this river in some states to the semi-desert 

 region. It is most abundant on the Atlantic side, from Connecticut to 

 Maryland. 



1 142 - //oAcocera iceryaeella, a Lepidopteran that Destroys Cochineal Insects 



in California. — Essig, E. O., in journal of Economic Fntomolo^^y, Vol. 9, No. 3 

 pp. 369-370, PI. 28. Concord, 1016. 



During the summer of 1915 the author undertook a series of researches 

 and observations on Holcocera iceryaeella (Riley) [Blastobasis iceryaeella 

 Riley), a Lepidopteran which destroys cochineal insects, and which occurs 

 in great numbers on the experimental farm of the University of California. 

 It is not easy to establish exactly the way in which this insect is nourished 



(i) See B. February 191.1, p. 170 ; and B. June 1913, No. 705. 



(2) See B. April 1915, No. 451 : B. Oct. 1915, No. 1x02 ; B. July miG, No. 827; B. 

 August 1916, No. 948. [Ed,.). 



