KURAI, KCOXOMICS II75 



tion of other crops than grain crops which might be charged with a part of 

 the general expenses. 



Winter Wheat. — The cost of production of this grain crop is nearly 

 the same in the two zones (4 s. 11 d. per cwt in the tchernoziom zone as 

 against 4 s. g d. outside this zone) , in spite of the higher expenses per acre 

 4 5'. 9 d. more per acre in the latter zone. This uniformity is due to the 

 higher value of the straw in the zone outside the tchernoziom, the latter 

 having been valued in this zone at £ i. as against 11 s. ^ d. in the tcherno- 

 ziom zone. Among the different expenses of production the chief import- 

 ance appertains, as in the case of winter rye, to the expenses for labour 

 (35.4 %) ; then, for the tchernoziom zone, the second place is occupied by 

 the rent of land (28.7 %), and outside this zone bj^ costs of manure. P'or 

 the winter wheat likewise, the total expenses for rent of land and for manure 

 is almost equal in both zones : 43.1 % in the zone of tchernoziom and 43.2 % 

 in the other zone, and this total is the predominating factor in the cost of 

 production. The importance of the other classes of expenses is almost 

 the same as in rye cultivation. 



Oats — Among spring cereals, oats is the most widely grown. Its cost 

 of production in the zone lying outside the tchernoziom region is slightly 

 higher than in the latter zone 3 6'. 8 d. as against 3 s. 5 t?. per cwt); the biggest 

 regional fluctuations of this cost are observed in the zone lying outside the 

 tchernoziom zone. 



Barley. — Its cost price is greater in the zone outside the tchernoziom 

 than in the tchernoziom zone (4 s. per cwt as against 3 s. 2 d.). 



Spring Wheat — Its cultivation is concentrated in 5 regions of the tcher- 

 noziom zone. The cost price for all these regions is 4 s. 7 d. per cwt of grain ; 

 the fluctuations between the different regions are very great. 



With respect to the importance of each class of expenses in the growing 

 of spring cereals, it may be repeated that the most important one, i. c. the 

 highest relative amount, is represented b}' the costs for labour, and this 

 importance is even greater than for the winter cereals. The second place 

 in respect to all spring cereals in the tchernoziom zone falls to expenses for 

 rent of the soil ; outside the tchernoziom, in the case of oat cultivation, to 

 the expenses for rent of the soil, the latter being of almost equal amount 

 in both cultivations : in respect of barley the expenditure for manure again 

 is similar in importance or amount. It is furthermore necessary to point 

 out that in spring cereal growing the expenses for manure are relatively 

 more considerable than for winter cereals. 



907 - Wheat-growing on the Share-farming System in the State of Victoria. Australia ; 



Results obtained in 1915. — Ihc journal nt tin Ihparhm-nt i<i A'^nculliin ni I'uicna, 

 Australia, Vol. XIV, Part 3, pp. i7f)-iHa. MdbouiiR-, :\r:uch 10, igifi. 



In 1905, the Department of Agriculture in Victoria asked farmers in 

 that State to. sow the largest possible area with wheat in antici])ation of 

 good prices. Unfortunately, a number of these farmers, having suffered 

 severely owing to failure of the previous harvest through drought, did not 

 possess the- necessary funds to increase their wheat sowings. This fact led 

 several city investors to take an interest in the question, and they expressed 



