OPENING UP LAND FOR CULTIVATION I59I 



Artemisietum is the flora of the acid steppes with weak alkali soils, the dominant species 

 being Artemisia maiitima and its numerous varieties, Artemisia pauciflora Keller, etc. 



Salsoletum is the flora of strong alkali soils dominated by Salsola,Salicornia, Suaeda, 

 Petrosimonia, Brachylepsis, Kalidium, Camphorosma, Tamarix, etc. 



Using this type of nomenclature, the chief plant associations in Rus- 

 sia are : 



Forest trees Herbaceous plants and mosses 



Saliceta Sphagneta 



(Alneta, populeta) Carecta 



(Betuleta, especially in the cast) Poareta 



Abiegna Stipeta 

 Pineta (Thjmeta?) 



Querceta Artemisieta 



(Fageta) vSalsoleta 



On the virgin steppe of the Ergenian Plateau, the dominant plant 

 association is divided into three groups according to the soil : i) stipetum 

 latijoliiim on the black soil ; 2) stipetum cinercum on the light brown 

 soils; and 3) stipetum gramineum on the dark loams. The last is the most 

 abundant and its flora is given below. 



BOTANICAIv COMPOSITION OF THE STIPETUM GRAMINEUM. 



A. —DOMINANT SPECIES. 

 I. Woody pl.\nts. 

 Calophaca wolgarica. {Spiraea hypericifoKa). 



II. Plants with long rhizomes. 



Agropyrum raniosum. Carex stenopbylla C. Achillea setacea. 



Ephedra vtUgatis. Inula Ocuhts Christi C. Glycyrrhiza glabra? 



(Acroptilon Pieris?) Ranunculus oxyspeimus. Poa setacea. 



Potentilla bifurca C. 



III. Plants \mth short rhizomes. 



Agropyrum cristaium C. Allium jlavescens. Galium oerum V, C. 



{Allium lineare). {Bromus erectus). Inula hirta. 



Linosyris villosa C. {Helichrysum arenatium V). {Ranunculus polyrhiziis ?) 



Pyrethrum achilleifo- Iris pumila C. Valeriana fuberosa. C. 



Hum C. Veronica prostrata. 



IV. Plants with short rhizomes and short internodes. 



Stipa sareptana. Koeleria gracilis C. {Phleum Bochrncii). 



Festuca sulcata C. Stipa stftiophylla C. 



Stipa capillata C. 

 Stipa licssingiana C. 



