THE FOREST TREES OF CANADA 



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The maple, whose leaf is the national emblem of Canada, is our se- 

 cond most important hardwood and is represented in Canada b}' nine or 

 more species scattered from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Only one species 

 however can be considered here. The sugar maple or hard maple {Acer sac- 

 charum) produces the most valuable lumber and, like birch, is used for furni- 

 ture, vehicle stock and interior house finishing. The sap of this tree is the 

 source of maple syrup and sugar. 



Basswood {Tilia ameyicana) is a valuable wood for cabinet work of 

 all kinds but being restricted in distribution and in great demand the avail- 

 able supply has almost disappeared, It formed less than one per cent of 

 the lumber produced in Canadian sawmills in 1914. 



Elm, represented by three species in Canada, is a valuable vehicle 

 wood. Beech, ash, oak, butternut, chestnut, hickory, cherrj-, black wal- 

 nut, tuHp, black gum, red alder, sycamore and sassafrass are all valuable 

 woods and are still sawn into lumber in Canada, but in most cases the supply, 

 which was never large, has dwindled almost to insignificance. 



The poplar species, of which there are seven native to Canada, are for 

 the most part considered as' " weed trees" but, like paper birch and jack 

 pine they produce great quantities of material which will eventually be- 

 come valuable at least for some purpose when their quahties are better 

 appreciated and when the scarcity of the more valuable of better understood 

 woods will make their careful utilization imperative. 



The following is a list of the important tree species of Canada and some 

 of the minor ones. The nomenclature is in accordanc with Grays' s Botany 

 and the common names given are those used by the Forestry Branch of the 

 Department of the Interior. These latter names have been chosen with the 

 the idea of conforming as closely as possible with names in common use 

 by lumbermen and foresters in Canada but where duplication of names has 

 given rise to confusion the most suitable name has been chosen. 



CANADIAN TREE vSPEClES. 



Pinus Strobus 

 monticola 



» flexilis 



'1 albicmilis 



i> ponderosa 



'> riguia 



') resinosa 



» Murrayana 



» Banksiana 



Larix laricina 



« nccidentalis 



» Lyallii 



Picea Mariana 



.) rubra 



» canadensis 



» Engelmanni 



I. — Conifers. 



White pine 

 Western white pine 

 lyimlier pine 

 White -barked pine 

 Western yellow pine 

 Pitch pine 

 Red pine 

 lyOdgepolc i)ine 

 Jack pine 

 Tamarack 

 Western larch 

 Alpine larch 

 Black spruc-e 

 Red spruce 

 White spruce 

 Knijelmann spruce 



