I716 INJURIOUS INSECTS AND OTHER I,OWER ANIMALS. - GENERALITIES 



pests have been observed which have escaped notice in previous years, 

 and more detailed investigations of the ones already known have been 

 made. 



Among Arachnoidea, Bryohia ribis Thomas, which attacks gooseberry 

 bushes in the spring, has been seen for the first time. 



Thrips Unarms Uzel has damaged flax to a considerable extent. 



The following Hemiptera have been recorded for the first time on fruit 

 trees and shrubs in orchards: Mezocerus marginatus I^., Rhyparochromus 

 chiragra F., Calyptonotus rolandri L., Drymus sylvaticus F., Piesma macu- 

 lata 'L,., Monanthia echii Schrc. and Lygus mhicundus Fall., on flax, Car- 

 pocoris Umulatus Goeze and on lucerne, Brachycoleus scripUis Fl., Adel- 

 phocoris vandaliciis Rossi and A. ticinensis Mey. The Cicads collected have 

 not yet been identified by the Bureau; a great many specimens of Delto- 

 cephahis sp. and Cicadida sp. have been found on cereals. A certain number 

 of plant lice have been recorded, and some species have been noted: Chai- 

 tophortis populi L,. (on white poplars); Sitohion cereale Kaltb., Aphis ob- 

 noxia Mordwilko n. sp., Aphis sp. (all the three preceding forms from ce- 

 real crops); Rhopalosiphum ribis Buct., (on gooseberries); Aphis prunina 

 Walk, (on plums); A. vitis Scop, (on vines); A. craccivora Koch (on lentils); 

 A. persicae B. de F. (on peaches and almonds) ; A. crataegi Kaltb. (on the 

 apple). Of the Coccidae, Phenacoccus aceris Sign. (Dactylopius vitis 

 Ivicht.) has been found in cracks in the bark of apple trees. 



Among the L-epidoptera, Lymantria dispar L. has been increasing 

 with great rapidity in the valley of the Kouma and has caused a great deal 

 of damage. Two caterpillars [Heliothis dipsacea L. and Phalonia epi- 

 linana Zell.) have attacked flax ; the first was studied b}^ Shamray and the 

 existence of two summer generations has been established. The follow- 

 ing species have been observed this year for the first time : Pieris dapli- 

 dice Iv., whose caterpillars cause havoc among the plants of white mustard ; 

 Deilephila lineata F. var, livornica Esp., on the vine ; Poecilocampa populi 

 Iv., on Popidus pyramidalis ; Gastropacha qnercijolia L,., on the plum ; 

 Acronyda tridens Schiff., on the apricot ; Cucidlia santonici Hb. on sunflo- 

 wers ; Eubolia arenacearia Hb., in great numbers on lucerne. The Micro- 

 lepidoptera pests have been the objects of very detailed work, and a certain 

 number of species have been recorded which had not been described. Such 

 are : Sarrothripus revayana Sc, on the poplar ; Cledeobia moldavia Esp. 

 (the caterpillars were abundant in the steppes) ; Pionea forficalis I,, on 

 cruciferous plants ; Tortrix viridana ly., whose caterpillars have done a 

 great deal of harm to the oaks in Stavropol and its surroundings ; and 

 several species which principally attack fruit trees, such as : Acalla hol- 

 miana 'L,., Cacoecia podana Sc, C. rosana I,., Pandemis ribeana Hb., P. he- 

 par ana Schiff., Steganoptycha sp., Gelechia rhombella Schiff., Coleophora 

 nigricella Stgch. 



The staff of the Bureau have devoted especial care to the life histories 

 of the Curctdionidae that attack fruit trees. The most important of these 

 are : Otiorrhynchus aurosparsus Germ., Phyllobius oblongus L., Sciaphobus 

 squalidus Gjdl. and Anthonomus pomoriim. The principal plant host of 



