1718 INJURIOUS INSECTS AKD OTHER lOWER ANIMALS. - GENERALITIES 



Among the pests that attack coffee Antestia variegata is the most 

 serious ; however, according to the writer, the development of this insect 

 is checked by the presence of a Chalcid, hitherto unidentified, which is 

 parasitic on its eggs. The Chalcid lays an egg in each of the eggs of the 

 Antestia, and the number of infected eggs often exceed 50 per cent. The 

 writer suggests that the development of this Chalcid should be encouraged 

 and that it should be introduced into regions where at present it is unknown. 

 Coffee is also attacked by Lecaniitm nigrum. A great many indivi- 

 duals of this species fall a pre}' to parasites. Other pests are L. africanum 

 and Eitxoa segetum. To keep the latter in check the soil must be kept 

 free from weeds and intelligent use should be made of poisoned baits. 

 The following have been recorded from Citrus plants : Argyroleu- 

 cotreta, whose lar\'ae attack ripe oranges ; Icerya piirchasi, which does 

 not appear likely to be serious in the Protectorate ; little Coleoptera (Halti- 

 cinae ?) appeared suddenly in numerous swarms in a Citrus plantation ; 

 the 3'oung leaves of the plants were seriously injured; Papilio mackinonni, 

 whose caterpillars destroy the leaves of oranges ; a little mite which is 

 not yet identified, has been recorded as a pest on oranges. 



Eriosoma lanigera has been observed on apples ; winged individuals 

 have not 3'et been seen. 



The leaves of quince-trees have been seriously damaged by the larvae 

 of Orgyia vetusta, of which an ichneumon fly is a useful natural enemy. 



The larvae of Diiomitus capensis bore through the branches of the 

 indigo plant {Cassia didymohotrya) and kill them. 



The writer has discovered a new enemy of Black wattle [Acacia de- 

 currens) ; this is believed to be the larva of a Buprestid, but an adult indi- 

 vidual has not yet been found. The larvae, which emerge from eggs laid 

 on the trunk and branches bore into the cambium and, if they are numerous, 

 kill the tree. The best means of combating this pest is to fell the trees 

 that are attacked and strip off the bark, and moreover to remove all the 

 trees which seem to be in poor condition. 



Two Hemiptera belonging to the families Jassidae and Capsidae, also 

 cause ver}^ serious injuries to the same Acacia. 



T241- Species of Aleyrodidae which are Harmful to Citrus and other Plants in 



Various Countries. — Quaintance, a. L,. m journal oj AsjicuUurat Riscarch, >vo. 12> 

 pp. 450-472, lig. 1-3, PI. 1,XIV-I,XIX. M'ashington, D. C, 1916. 



i) Aleurocantlnis citricolus (Newstead), discovered on Citrus sp. at 

 Dares-Salaam (German East Africa) ; 2) A. citriperdus n. sp., a pest on 

 Citrus spp. in Ceylon, in India (Lahore), in Java (Buitenzorg and Sandan 

 Gla^^a) ; A . woglumi Ashby (spiny citrus white fly) obser\-ed in India, the 

 Philhpine Islands, Ceylon, Jamaica, Cuba, and the Bahama Islands ; plant 

 hosts so far established : Citrus sp. (Lahore, Guiranwala. Kalimpong, 

 Sikkim (India), and Kingston (Jamaica), orange (India, Manilla, Jamaica, 

 Cuba and the Bahama Isles) ; Capparis Roxburghi and C. pedunculosus 

 (in the Botanical Garden of Ceylon) ; Morus sp. (Lahore) ; Salacia reticu- 

 lata and Knrrimaia zeylanica at Peradenyia (Ceylon) ; Guaiacum oficinale 

 and Cestrum nocturnum L. (at Kingston) ; undetermined plant hosts (India) • 



