OLIVE-GROWIXG AND PRODUCTION IX SPAIN 1 729 



0. e. Columella Clem. (" Carasquefio "). — The tree is small, the 

 branches are few and the leaves narrow. The large fruits are almost sphe- 

 rical and are borne in clusters of three or four ; the colour changes from red 

 to dark purple when the fiuit is ripe. This \-ariet\- is onh* suitable for cer- 

 tain soils and is liable to the attacks of insects. 



0. e. C^raticaypa Clm. {" Cornezr.elo "). — The tree is well developed ; 

 the fruit uhich is borne singly is curved and ripens somewhat late ; the oil 

 is of good quality but limited in amount. This \'ariety is very resistant both 

 to cold and drought. 



0. e. rosfrata Clem. (" Picudo " or " Cornicabra "). - The tree is large 

 and the branches are well developed ; the leaves are elongated and the up- 

 per surface is dark grey in colour. The fruit, which is cylindrical, but tapers 

 towards the end, has a curved tip and is larger than that of the preceding 

 varieties. This variety is hardy and considered very fruitful in Aragon. 



0. e. Banqueri. (" I.echin " or " Pichelin "). — The olives are small oval 

 and somewhat cu/ved ; they are equally suitable for the manufacture of 

 pickles (Olives de Cuquillo) and for the extraction of oil. The variety is 

 hardy and yields a good crop. 



0. e. Alha (" Salceiio " or " Varal bianco "). — The tree is large with nu- 

 merous branches and, as the lower surface of the leaves rather than the upper 

 is exposed to view, it has a light aspect to which its name is due. The fruits, 

 which are small are borne in clusters and enclose a relatively large kernel 

 or pit. 



0. e. racemosu {" Arbequin " or " Racimal "). — The tree is of mediimi 

 size with drooping branches. The blackish fruits yield a large quantity 

 of oil good in qualit^^ The variety begins to bear fruit after a short pe- 

 riod of growth but gives an irregular yield from year to year. 



0. c. nigricans {" Empeltre "). — The tree is not large except in rich 

 soils ; the leaves are long and narrow ; the fruit is round and yields a large 

 amount of excellent oil. This variety begins to bear fruit as a comparatively 

 young tree ; it is hardy and is valued for these qualities in the province of 

 Tortosa and in other districts of the Ebro. 



0. e. maxima Clem. (" Morcal "). — The tree is large and the olives are 

 big, oval, rounded at the base and flecked with white. The fruit is used 

 both for the extraction of oil and for preservation in salt water (v^erdeo). 

 The yield is low and the tree bears only at a comparatively late age. 



0. e. vindnla. Gouan. (" Verdal "). — This variety is a smaller tree 

 than the preceding ones ; the branches are long and the leaves small ; 

 it is also somewhat tender. The single fruits are large and oval and are 

 preserved in salt water. 



0. e. regal is {" Real sevillana "). — This variety is chiefly found in 

 Andalusia ; the leaves are large and elongated and the fruit, which is the 

 largest of all the varieties of olives, is nearly round and blue black when 

 ripe. This is almort exclusively a table fruit and its cultivation has been 

 very lucrative in lower Andalousia. 



0. e. ai'gentaia. Clem. (" ■Nloradillo " or " Nevadillo bianco "). — The 

 tree is large and the fruits are almost spherical and dark purple in colour. 



