I'RIJIT-OKOWING I7fJJ 



rived from cultivatecl forms of Corylus AveUanu, or hybrids Ijetvvec-ii tliat 

 species and C. maxima. They are grown chiefly in Kent. (Generally speak- 

 ing, varieties in which tlie leafy cups are shorter than the nuts are termed 

 cob-nuts, whilst those with cups as long as or longer than, the nuts are 

 termed filberts. The varieties most commonly met with among the cob 

 nuts are Kentish Cob or Lambert I'ilbert, Merveillc de Bollwyller, Pearson's 

 ProHfic and r)erger ; among the filberts. Red, White, Cosford, I'rizzled. 

 A yield of loo tons of nuts has been frequently obtained from a j)lantation 

 of 100 acres in Kent, whilst as high a yield as 2 j/^ tons per acre was re- 

 corded for some localities in 1904. The value of hazel-nuts depends largely 

 upon the size of the almond crops, for which they are used as a chea]) subs- 

 titute. The usual wholesale ])rice is about <^d. i)er lb., but during the season 

 1915-1916 the ])rices ruled very high. 



Spain. - In vSi)ain the hazel-nut succeeds everywhere, but it is chiefly 

 grown in the Catalan Provinces of Gerona and Tarragona. The nut liushes 

 are usually grown in fields or gardens inter-cropped with other products. 

 In Gerona the princi])al nut-growing area is the Selva, in the district of 

 vSanta Colonna de P'arnes, whil.st in Tarragona the crop is j)roduced in the 

 neighbourhood of the capital and at Tortosa and Montblanch. The light 

 but moist soil of this area and the facilities for exporting these nuts have 

 made nutgrowing a flourishing industry. The hazel-nuts imported into the 

 United Kingdom from Spain are known on the market as Spanish and 

 Barcelona nuts ; the former are shi])ped from Gijon, a port in the Ikiy of 

 Biscay, and the latter from Tarragona, a Mediterranean poit. The Spanish 

 nuts are grown in the Provinces of Gahcia and Asturias, and are considered 

 to be the produce of cultivated forms of C. maxima. The varieties chiefly 

 grown are known locally as Mallorquina or Negreta de la vSelva, a large 

 ■nut with a hard reddish shell com])letely filled by the kernel, and Astu- 

 riana, which is a medium-sized or small nut produced in bunches of three 

 or four. 



The so-called Barcelona nuts, which are grown in Tarragona, are de- 

 rived from C. maxima var. barcelonensis. The average yield is said to be 

 about 55 lbs. of nuts per bush. As seen in conmierce the nuts usually have 

 a dark shell, whicl; is due to their being kiln-dried in order to im])rove their 

 keeping qualities. They are ship])ed from Tarr;igona in ]>ags containing 

 about 128 pounds each. 



Of recent years there has been a demand for shellcil nuts, wiiich are 

 shi])])ed in bags weighing about 220 lbs. each. About half the eiitire crop 

 has been ex])orted in this condition, the principal importing countries being 

 (rermany, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The total annual 

 crop of hazel-nuts produced in Spain is valued at over half a million sterling, 

 whilst the quantity exported is valued at about £ 400 000. 



Italy. — Large quantities of hazel-nuts are produced in South Italy, 

 particularly in the province of Avellino. A considerable ])art of the* crop 

 is annually exported from Najjles, chiefly to the United States, Germany, 

 Holland, Austria-Ungary, PVance and the United Kingdom (arranged in 

 order of importance). In 1909, 6 037 tons were exported from Naples and 



