179^ HYGIKNIC OF I.IVICSTOCK 



5) Black grape of Canea, called Stafili Romeika by the Greeks : 

 used for wine making. 



6) Red grape : strong growing plant ; bunch very large, winged, 

 compact, but difficult to transport because of the watery pulp of the ber- 

 ries and the thinness of the skins. 



It is probable that the method of cultivation could be improved by 

 i) spacing the rows at least 6 V2 feet apart. 



2) deep working of the soil. 



3) use of chemical manures. 



It is useless to attempt to establish vineyards where the ouadai does 

 not come, or to grow the plants on the sj^stem of training them above the 

 level of the soil. 



In addition to table grapes the colony produces sufficient wine for its 

 own consumption. 



IvIVE STOCK AND BREEDING. 



HYGIENE 1294 - The Immunisation of Cattle against Tuberculosis; Results of 10 Years' Trials 



OF LIVE STOCK Cawied out at the Leipzig Veterinary Institute. — Eber a., in Centraibiatt fur Bakte- 



Hologic, Parasitcnknndc imd InfcktianskrankhcHcn, Vol. 78, No. 5, pp. 331-364. Jena, 

 October i:;, 1916. 



In the spring of 1904 some large herds of cattle were vaccinated as a 

 preventive measure against tuberculosis. The experiments were under- 

 taken largely as a result of work done at the Veterinary Institute of lycipzig 

 between 1902 and 1904 when, at the instigation of von. Behrixg, two 

 animals were given a course of hypodermic and intravenous injections 

 of vaccine and then tested for resistance to virus from an infected subject. 

 They proved more resistant than untreated animals, so it was decided to 

 extend the trials on a large scale using von Behring's « Bovovaccin « for 

 the purpose. The following year another vaccine, « Tauruman », was tested, 

 and in 190S Klimmer's « Antiphymatol » was also used according to the 

 methods of Heymans of Ghent. 



Altogether 797 head of cattle were imunmised during the 10 years' 

 trials, while 169 animals were used as controls, and the experiments were 

 distributed over 12 estates which represented different types of stock 

 management in the Kingdom of Saxony, in Prussia and in the Duchy of 

 Saxe-Altenberg. No fees of any kind were charged for vaccination but the 

 owners of the herds were expected to give immediate notice of the death 

 or slaughter of a treated subject, so that a careful post-mortem examination 

 could be made. The total number of deaths and slaughterings notified 

 amounted to 258 of which 39 were control animals. Whenever possible the 

 post-mortem was carried out by the \vriter himself, failing which it was 

 entrusted to a local veterinary surgeon who was given a special form on 

 which to record his results. 



Periodic tuberculin tests were also made both before and after vacci- 



