179^ HORSES 



of accuracy the equivalent calorie value certainly runs into large and un- 

 wieldy numbers ; but as the starch value of any one food is by no means 

 constant and fluctuates to the extent of anything between lo and lOO per 

 cent according to the nature of the food, it would seem quite unnecessary to 

 go into decimals of starch values. The writer proposes that a unit of i coo 

 calories be adopted in the place of starch values (and decimals of starch 

 value) and points out that even this imit is too small as i ooo calories are 

 equivalent to 0.25 kg. of starch. He considers this new unit to be more prac- 

 tical, simpler and more exact than starch values. From the physiological 

 point of view too, it is more satisfactory to compare the animal body to 

 an engine supplied with fuel and to obtain the food valiie in terms of the 

 fuel, which can then be easily be converted into force, than to obtain the 

 food value in terms of one of the substances in the food. 



The value of digestible food substances would thus be expressed in 

 heat units or large calories for which the name of " Kellner values" is pro- 

 posed, and I kg. of starch, protein and fat would be equivalent to 4,4 and 

 9 Kellner values respectively. For example the Kellner value of too kgs. 

 of wheat (95 per cent digestible) containing 9 per cent of protein, i per cent 

 of fat and 64 per cent of nitrogen free extract would be : 



9 kgs. protein = 9 x 4 = 36 



I " fat =1x9=9 



64 " N-free extract . . = 64 X 4 = 256 

 Total .... — 301 



300 X 95 



285 Kellner values. 



1297 - The Horse-Breeding Industry in Saskatchewan. — The Agticuitmai Gazette of Ca- 

 nada. Vol. 3, No. 8, pp. 705. Ottawa, August 1916. 



The development of the horse breeding industry in Saskatchewan, 

 in the last 15 years, has been a considerable one, as indicated by the fol- 

 lowing figures, in which those for 1881 and 1891 are for Alberta and Sas- 

 katchewan combined : 



Year Numbers of horses 



1881 10870 



1 891 60976 



1901 83 801 



I 01 1 .'507468 



I9i.'i 667443 



At an early date some of the horse ranches began the use of draft 

 stallions for breeding, purposes, although most of them used thorough bred 

 sires and raised a lighter type of animal. At present the use of sires of the 

 draft breeds is the rule rather than the exception as the accompany- 

 ing enrolment figures for 1916 indicate : 



