I 8 00 CATTLE 



It was observed that the fertilised ovum frequently began its devel- 

 opment in the bod}- of the uterus rather than in the horn and only passed 

 definitely into the horn at a later stage. This fact has been denied by 

 many investigators, but in the present experiments considerable develop- 

 ment and fluctuation was noted in the body of the uterus between the fourth 

 and sixth weeks of gestation, whilst the horns remained about the same size, 



II. In/luence of handlinf^ on the productiveness of ovaries. — From 

 1910 to 1915 six herds containing from 12 to too cows each were kept under 

 special observation being \'isited every 4 to 8 weeks and any barren animals 

 were subjected to an operation on the ovaries. This consisted in an explo- 

 ration per rectum and of a squeezing or crushing of corpora lutea or C5^sts 

 which might have persisted in the ovaries. The uterine catarrh resulting 

 from the operation was treated at the same time by vaginal injections. 

 Out of 264 cows so treated more than half became normally productive 

 again. 



It is quite evident from the results of the experiments that the function 

 of the ovaries was not interfered with by the handling, on the contrary 

 it appeared to make them more productive. In 146 out of 211 cases of pre- 

 gnanc3" after treatment (59.2 per cent) it was possible to trace the fertilized 

 ovum to the ovarj" which had been treated. A number of these pregnant 

 cows were maintained under observation and out of a total of 133, 81 or 

 60.9 per cent proved to have become absoluteh^ normal again including 

 a case of uterine catarrh independent of, the ovaries. And of these normal 

 pregnant cows, in 63 out of 77 cases (81.8 per cent) the fertilized ovum was 

 traced to the treated ovary. 



Conclusions. — In the cow the foetus is borne in the right horn of 

 the uterus more frequently than in the left, the frequencies being as 64 to 36. 



The treatment of the ovaries b}^ handling, if not carried out too vio- 

 lenth', exerts no depressing, debilitating or deleterious action on the sexual 

 functions or on the productivity of the ovaries. It may on the contrary 

 reestablish and increase the functions of the ovar],- when the latter have 

 been interfered with by such things as the persistence of corpora lutea or 

 cs-sts in the ovary. 



1299 - The Advantages of Winter Calving.— C.ouin a., in Comptes Rendus de r Aca- 

 demic d'Afiriculturc dc France, Vol. II, No. 33, pp. 97:1-073. Paris, October 25, IQ16. 



Winter calves are often considered unsatisfactory, being looked upon 

 as delicate and unsuitable for breeding stock. The writer brings forward 

 his own experience which is in contradiction to these views. Between 1895 

 and 1913 he bred and raised 127 5'earlings, chiefly heifers, of which 39 were 

 born during the months of October to January and 88 from Februar^' to 

 September. At twelve months the average weight of the winter calves 

 was 561 lbs. and that of the spring and summer calves 600 lbs. Of the 127 

 yearlings, 60 were eventually brought into the milking herd and their 

 weights three months before calving were 113 lbs. for the 20 born in 

 winter while the other 40 only averaged 2 lbs. more. 



The season of birth would therefore seem to have no influence on the 



