1840 



INDUSTRIES DEPENDING ON PLANT PRODUCTS 



A higher temperature makes a decided increase in the proportion of 

 aldehydes esters and higher alcohols, and diminishes the acid, as is seen 

 by comparing flasks i and 2 with the ferment 153. 



The addition of phosphate increases all the products, except the 

 aldehydes, at a temperature of 26^ C, as is seen with flasks 2 and 6. 

 With flasks i and 5 which were subjected to the changes of temperature 

 of the room an increase in ethers, aldehydes and higher alcohols was found. 



The effect of the apiculated ferment was seen (in flasks I and 3) to dimi- 

 nish, at room temperature, the volatile acids and higher alcohols, and at a 

 high temperature on the contrary (in flasks 2 and 4) to increas? all the pro- 

 ducts except the higher alcohols. 



132 1 - The Action of Different Charcoals on Sugar Solutions, and their Effect on 

 the Analyses of Sugar Products. — pellet ir., in Bulletin de rAssociation dfs Chi- 



mistes de Sucrerie et de Distillerie de France et des Colonies, Vol. XXXIII. Nos. 10 to 12^ 

 pp. 220-227. Paris, April, May and June 1916. 



For a long time it has been known that animal charcoal could absorb 

 a certain amount of sugar and that it must therefore be used with discre- 

 tion. The action of different charcoals has been studied, and their pro- 

 perties are tabulated below. 



Ordinary animal charcoal or char, powdered. 

 Char washed with hj-drochloric acid. . . . 



« Flaming » char 



« Flandrac » char 



« lyittoral » char 



« Eponite » 



Special charcoal for wines 



A special charcoal (i) 



Charcoal from cherry stones (2) 



(i) Charcoal of no particular quality tested because it cost about £ i per lb. 



(2) Charcoal from A. M. Piutti,, director of the School of Chemistry and professor at the University 

 of Naples. Tested because it absorbed the most gas. 



The decolorizing eft'ect was examined of these different charcoals on 

 a solution of molasses inverted by the Clerget process, and on a liquid 

 clarified by subacetate of lead and subsequenth' freed from excess of lead 

 by sulphitrous acid. The absorbent power of these charcoals was subse- 

 qttently tried on a pure solution of sugar and on a solution to which acetate 

 and subacetate of lead had been added, as well as on the solutions obtained 

 by treating molasses with subacetate of lead as is done commercially. The 

 following conclusions \^ere drawn : 



