568 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



May 1, 1921 



last process in bootmaking. Incidentally, it should be remarked 

 that in every part of the work, cither a hand roller or stitcher 

 is used to cause the parts to adhere and also to exclude air from 

 being imprisoned between the cemented surfaces. 



Going back to the parts of a boot and to the dissecting that the 

 boot repairer will indulge' in, it will be best for him to discover 

 all the various parts for himself, because any written description 

 probably will not be retained in his memory. If, therefore, he 

 will hunt for the piping, leg lining, toe lining, inner sole, toe 



Part< or A Woman's Light Rubber Shoe 



filler, skived sole, vamp form, side and back stays, ankle piece, 

 vamp cover, counter and vamp, he will soon be able, not only to 

 understand exactly how the boot is built, but also to rebuild it 

 when the ne;e;s:ty arises. 



Just as the boot is built up of separate parts, cemented together 

 and vulcanized as a whole, so are shoes. For example ; .An 

 arctic or a lumberman's "over" will show by analysis counter, 

 vamp, piping strips, inner sole, inner and outer sole fillers, outer 

 sole, toe and heel foxing, etc. The parts run anywhere 

 from 18 to 30. and they are all necessary, and until one is familiar 

 with them all, it is difficult to get the best out of the business of 

 footwear repairing. 



PARTS OF A LIGHT RUBBER SHOE 



The numerous parts essential in the making up of an ordinary 

 light rubber for women's use are shown in the illustration in 

 which the separate pieces are numbered and described as follows: 



1. Piping strip of frictioned sheeting, for joining the upper to 

 the inner sole around the edge of the latter. 2. Shoe lining show- 

 ing the rubberized surface to receive the outside rubber vamp 

 (18 or 19). 3. Plain or cloth side of the shoe lining. The dark 

 outline indicates the piping strip for joining the heel scam and 

 uniting with the inner sole. 4. - 5. Rubberized and plain sides, 

 respectively, of the inner sole. 6. - 7. Frictioned fabric stays for 

 reinforcing the toe. 8. - 9. Rubber and fiber, "rag," heel fillers. 

 10. - 11. Outside rubber heel reinforcement pieces. 12. - 13. Fric- 

 tioned, fabric stays for rear of the heel. 14. - 15. Frictioned 

 fabric heel counter. 16. - 17. Rubber and fabric, "rag. " sole fill- 

 ers. 18. - 19. Outside rubber vamp coverings. 



THE DRY-HEAT CURE AND THE PRESSURE CURE 



Those who repair rubber footwear will almost at once come 

 in contact with two separate types of goods. The old-fashioned 

 dry-heat cure has evolved a product all its own and one that is 

 distinctive. The meaning of dry-heat cure is that a rubber boot 

 or shoe, when it has been built up for vulcanization, is put in a 

 room in which the air is heated to vulcanizing temperature, and 

 left there several hours until vulcanization is effected. -\s air is 

 a poor conductor of heat, this is a slow process of curing. To 

 hasten it and indeed make it possible, the compound contains 

 oxide of lead, otherwise known as litharge, and considerable of 

 it. The litharge acts as an accelerator or a hastener of the cure, 

 and is necessarily present in 98 per cent of the dry heat goods. 

 It is rather necessary that the repair man should know when he 

 is handling dry-heat goods, as litharge stock in a press, or in 

 contact with hot metal, w'ill cure quite quickly and there might 

 be danger of burning. \ very little experimenting, however, with 

 scraps from an old boot leg on the vulcanizing plate will show 

 the repair man exactly how far he can go in applying heat to 

 ivtrk of this kind. 



Dry-Heat Vulca.n'IZer 



Pressure- Cure Vulcanizer 



