July 1, 1921 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



7i7 



American Society for Testing Materials 



AT the twenty-fourth annual meeting of the American Society 

 for Testing Materials held at Asbury Park, New Jersey, 

 June 21 to 24, 1921, Committee D-13 on Textile Materials 

 submitted the following report : 



The definitions of terms relating to mechanical fabrics are 

 offered as a plan for convenient reference to mechanical ducks 

 in an effort to avoid confusion which now exists. At present, 

 reference to mechanical ducks in terms of weight may mean 

 weight per linear yard based on various widths used arbitrarily 

 by the industries responsible for the development of these fabrics. 

 The principal object of the proposed nomenclature is to standard- 

 ize weight specifications to a square-yard basis. For the conven- 

 ience of those who find it necessary to convert from the present 

 linear-yard weight basis to the proposed square-yard weight basis, 

 a conversion table is attached to the proposed tentative nomen- 

 clature for mechanical fabrics. 



The proposed tentative specifications for imperfections and tol- 

 erances for 60-inch 17'.^-ounce square-woven tire builder fabric 

 consists of a list of tolerances to be used in connection with speci- 



Committee D-13 through its sub-committees is engaged in the 

 development of standards on the following subjects: test methods 

 and measurements for fibers ; test methods and specifications for 

 yarns; specifications for fabrics; specifications for fabric-testing 

 machines. 



PROPOSED TENTATIVE DEFINITIONSi OF TERMS RELATING TO 



MECHANICAL FABRIC 



Serial DesigiLation: D 21 T; Issued, l9Zl' 



1. The term "Mechanical Fabric" shall be understood to mean 

 fabric manufactured to be used as an intermediate product in the 

 making of some mechanically constructed article. 



2. Mechanical fabrics shall be referred to by the following 

 descriptive nomenclature ; 



(a) A word or phrase generally descriptive of the appearance of 

 the material, or the use to which it is put. 



(b) Weight in ounces per square yard. The words "oz. sq. yd." 

 are to be written after the weight. To avoid confusion in regard 

 to weight of material, it is suggested that immediately succeeding 

 the square yard weight, the weight of the material on whatever 

 basis may have been used previous to the adoption of these stand- 



Table I. — Conversion Table of Linear Yard Weight to Square Yard Weight of Fabric 



Weisbt. 



Width, hicties 



30 31 32 33 34 35 38 37 38 39, 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 61 62 53 54 55 66 57 



8.... 



10... 



11.... 



12.... 



».... 



14.... 



15.... 



!«.... 



17.... 



U.... 



19. . . 



20. . . . 



21.... 



22.... 



23... 



24.... 



26.... 



26... 



27.... 



28.... 



29.... 



30.... 



31.... 



32.... 



33.... 



S4.... 



35.... 



W... 



9.60 

 10.80 

 12.00 

 13.20 

 14.40 

 16.60 

 16.80 

 18.00 

 19.20 

 20.40 

 21.60 

 22.80 

 24.00 

 25.20 

 26.40 

 27.60 

 28.30 

 30.00 

 31.20 

 32.40 

 33.60 

 34.80 

 36.00 

 37.20 

 38.40 

 39.60 

 40.80 

 42.00 

 43.20 



9.29 

 10.45 

 11.61 

 12.77 

 13.94 

 15.10 

 16.26 

 17.42 

 13.58 

 19.74 

 20.90 

 22.06 

 23J3 

 24.39 

 26.55 

 26.71 

 27.87 

 29.03 

 30.19 

 31.35 

 32.52 

 33.68 

 34.84 

 3600 

 37.16 

 38.32 

 39.48 

 40.65 

 41.81 



9.00 

 10.13 

 11.26 

 12.38 

 13.60 

 14.63 

 16.75 

 1688 

 18.00 

 19.13 

 20.26 

 21.38 

 2250 

 23.63 

 24.76 

 26.88 

 27.00 

 28.13 

 29.25 

 30.38 

 31.50 

 32.63 

 33 75 

 34,83 

 36,00 

 37.13 

 38 25 

 39.38 

 40.50 



8.73 

 9.82 

 10.91 

 12.00 

 13.09 

 14.18 

 16.27 

 16.36 

 17.45 

 18.56 

 19.61 

 20,73 

 21.82 

 22.91 

 24.00 

 25.09 

 26.18 

 27.27 

 28.36 

 29.45 

 30.55 

 31.64 

 32,73 

 33,82 

 34.91 

 36,00 

 37.09 

 38.18 

 39 27 



8.74 

 0,63 

 10.59 

 11.65 

 12.71 

 13,76 

 14.82 

 16.88 

 16.94 

 18.00 

 19.06 

 20.12 

 21.18 

 22,24 

 23.29 

 24,35 

 25.41 

 26.47 

 27.53 

 28.59 

 29.66 

 30.71 

 31.76 

 33.82 

 33-88 

 34 01 

 36.00 

 37.06 

 38.1 



8.23 

 9.26 

 10.29 

 11.31 

 12,34 

 13.37 

 14.40 

 16.43 

 16.46 

 17.49 

 18.51 

 19,54, 

 20,57 

 21.60 

 22.63 

 23.66 

 24.69 

 25.71 

 26.74 

 27.77 

 23.80 

 29.83 

 30.85 

 3189 

 32.91 

 33.01 

 34.97 

 3600 

 37.03 



8.00 

 9.00 

 10.00 

 11.00 

 12.00 

 13.00 

 14.00 

 15.00 

 16.00 

 17.00 

 1800 

 19.00 

 20.00 

 21,00 

 22.00 

 23.00 

 24 00 

 25.00 

 26.00 

 27.00 

 23.00 

 29 00 

 30.00 

 31.00 

 32.00 

 33.00 

 34.00 

 35 00 

 36.00 



7.78 

 8.76 

 9.73 

 10.70 

 11.68 

 12.65 

 13.6: 

 14.60 

 15.57 

 16.54 

 17.51 

 18.49 

 19.46 

 20.43 

 21.41 

 22.38 

 23.35 

 21.33 

 25.30 

 26.27 

 27.25 

 28 22 

 29.19 

 30.16 

 31.14 

 32 11 

 33.08 

 34.06 

 35.03 



7.58 

 8.63 

 0.47 

 10.42 

 11.37 

 12.32 

 13.26 

 14.21 

 15.16 

 16.11 

 1705 

 18.10 

 18.95 

 19.89 

 20.84 

 2179 

 22.74 

 23.68 

 24.63 

 25.58 

 2653 

 27,47 

 28.42 

 2937 

 30.32 

 31.26 

 32.21 

 33,16 

 34,11 



7.38 

 8.31 

 9.23 

 10.15 

 11.08 

 12.00 

 12.92 

 13.85 

 14.77 

 1569 

 16.62 

 17.54 

 18.46 

 19.38 

 20.31 



22 23 

 22.15 



23 08 

 24.00 

 24.92 

 25.85 

 26.77 

 27.69 

 28.62 

 29.54 

 30.46 

 31.38 

 32.31 

 33.23 



7.20 

 8.10 

 9.00 

 ,9.90 

 10,80 

 11.70 

 12.60 



7.02 



7- 



8.78 



9.66 

 10.54 

 11.41 

 12.29 



13.50 13.17 



14.40 



15.30 



16.20 



17.10 



18.00 



18.90 



19.80 



20.70 



21.1 



22.50 



23 40 



24.30 



25.20 



26.10 



27.00 



'27 



28. 



29.70 



30.60 



31.50 



32.40 



14.05 

 14.93 

 15.80 

 16.68 

 17.56 

 18.44 

 19.32 

 20.20 

 21.07 

 21.95 

 22.83 

 23.71 

 24.59 

 25.46 

 2634 

 27.22 

 28.10 

 28 98 

 29.85 

 30 73 

 31.61 



6. 



7.71 

 8.57 

 9.43 

 10.29 

 11.11 

 12.00 

 12.86 

 13.71 

 14.67 

 15.43 

 16.29 

 17.14 

 18.00 

 18.86 

 19.71 

 20 57 

 2143 

 22.29 

 23.14 

 24.00 

 24 j6 

 25.71 

 26.57 

 27 43 

 28.29 

 29.14 

 30.00 

 .30.86 



6.70 

 7.53 

 8.37 

 9.21 

 10.05 

 10.88 

 11.72 

 12.56 

 13.40 

 14.23 

 15.07 

 15,91 

 16.74 

 17.58 

 18.42 

 19.26 

 20.09 

 20.03 

 21,77 

 22, 

 23.44 

 24.28 

 26.12 

 25 95 

 26.79 

 27.63 

 28.47 

 29.30 

 30.14 



6.55 

 7.36 

 8.18 

 9 00 

 9.82 

 10.61 

 11.45 

 12.27 

 13.( 

 13.91 

 14.73 

 15.55 

 16.36 

 17.18 

 18.00 

 18.82 

 19.61 

 20.45 

 21.27 

 22.09 

 22.91 

 23.73 

 24.55 

 25.36 

 2618 

 27.00 

 27.82 

 28.64 

 29.45 



6.40 



7.20 



8.00 



8.80 



0,60 



10.40 



11.20 



12.00 



12.80 



13.60 



14.40 



15.20 



16.00 



1680 



17.60 



18-40 



19.20 



20.00 



20 80 



21 60 

 22.40 

 23.20 

 24.00 

 2180 

 25.60 

 2640 

 27.20 

 28.00 

 28.80 



6.25 

 7.04 

 7. 



8.61 

 9.39 

 1017 

 10.96 

 11.74 

 12.5; 

 13.30 

 14.09 

 14.87 

 15.65 

 1643 

 17.22 

 18,00 

 18.78 

 19.57 

 20.35 

 21.13 

 2191 

 2270 

 23.48 

 2426 

 25 01 

 25.83 

 26.61 

 27.39 

 28.17 



6.13 



6.89 



7.66 



8.43 



9.19 



9.96 



10.72 



11.49 



12.26 



13.02 



13.79 



14.55 



15.33 



16.09 



16 85 



17 



18.38 

 19.15 

 19-91 

 20.68 

 21.45 

 22.21 

 22-08 

 23-74 

 24.51 

 25.28 

 26.04 

 26.81 

 27.57 



6.00 



676 



7.50 



8.25 



9.00 



9.75 



10.60 



11.25 



12.00 



12.75 



13.50 



14,25 



15,00 



15.75 



1650 



17.25 



18.00 



18 75 



19,50 



20.25 



21.00 



21.75 



22.50 



23.25 



24 00 

 24.75 



25 50 

 26.25 

 27.00 



5.88 

 6.61 

 7.35 

 8.08 

 8.82 

 9.65 

 10.29 

 11.02 

 11.76 

 12.49 

 13.22 

 13.96 

 14 60 

 15.43 

 16.16 

 16.89 

 17.63 

 18.37 

 19.10 

 19.84 

 20.57 

 21.31 

 22.04 

 22.78 

 23.51 

 24.24 

 24.98 

 25.71 

 26.45 



6.76 

 6.48 

 7.20 

 7.92 

 8.64 

 9.36 

 10.08 

 10.80 

 11.62 

 12.24 

 12.96 

 13.68 

 14.40 

 15.12 

 15,84 

 1656 

 17.28 

 18-00 

 18.72 

 19.44 

 20.16 

 20.88 

 21,60 

 22.32 

 23.04 

 23.76 

 24.48 

 26.20 

 25.92 



6.65 

 6.35 

 7.06 

 7.76 

 8.47 

 0.18 

 9. 



10-59 

 11.29 

 12.00 

 12.71 

 13.41 

 14.12 

 14.82 

 15.63 

 16-24 

 16.94 

 17.65 

 18 35 

 19.06 

 19.76 

 20 47 

 21.18 

 21.88 

 22.59 

 23 29 

 24.00 

 2471 

 25.41 



6.54 

 6.23 

 6.02 

 7.62 

 8.31 

 9.00 

 9. 



10.38 

 11.08 

 11.77 

 12.46 

 1315 

 1385 

 14.64 

 15.23 

 16 92 

 16.62 

 17.31 

 18.00 

 18.69 

 10-38 

 20.08 

 20.77 

 21.46 

 22.15 

 22.85 

 23.54 

 24.23 

 24.92 



5.43 



6-1] 



6-79. 



7.47 



8.15 



8.83 



9.51 



10.19 



10.87 



1155 



12.23 



12.91 



13.58 



14.26 



14.94 



15.62 



16.30 



16.98 



17.66 



18.34 



19.02 



19.70 



20.37 



21.06 



21.74 



22.42 



23.09 



23.77 



24.45 



5.33 



600 



6.67 



7.33 



8.00 



8.67 



9.33 



10.00 



10.67 



11.33 



12.00 



12.67 



13.33 



1400 



14.67 



16.33 



16.00 



16.67 



17.33 



18.00 



1867 



1933 



20.00 



20.67 



21.33 



22.00 



22.67 



23.33 



24.00 



5.24 

 6. 



6.55 

 7.20 

 7.85 

 8.61 

 S.I6 

 9.82 

 10.47 

 11.13 

 11.78 

 12.44 

 13.09 

 13.75 

 14.40 

 15.05 

 15.71 

 16.36 

 17.02 

 17.67 

 18.33 

 18.98 

 19 64 

 20.29 

 20.90 

 21.60 

 22.25 

 22.01 

 23.56 



6.14 



6.79 



6.43 



7.07 



7.71 



8.36 



9.00 



9.64 



10.29 



10.93 



1167 



12.21 



12.86 



13.60 



14.14 



14.79 



16.43 



16.07 



16.71 



17.36 



18.00 



18.64 



19.29 



19.93 



20.57 



21.21 



21.86 



22.60 



23.14 



6.05 



6.68 



6.32 



6.95 



7.58 



8.21 



8.84 



9.47 



10.11 



1074 



1137 



12.00 



12.63 



13.26 



13.89 



14.53 



15.16 



15.79 



16 42 



17.05 



17. 



18.32 



18.05 



19.58 



2021 



20.84 



21.47 



22.11 



22.74 



4.97 



6.59 



6.21 



6.83 



7.45 



8.07 



8.60 



9.31 



9.93 



10.66 



11.17 



11.79 



12.41 



13.03 



13.66 



14.28 



14.90 



16.52 



16.14 



1676 



17.38 



18.00 



18-62 



19.24 



19.86 



20.48 



21.10 



21.72 



22.34 



4. 



6. 



6.10 



6.71 



7.32 



7.93 



8.64 



0.16 



9.76 



10.37 



10 98 



11.69 



12.20 



12.81 



13.42 



14.03 



14.64 



1625 



15-86 



16.47 



17.08 



17.60 



18.31 



18-92 



19 63 



20.14 



20.75 



2135 



21.97 



4J0 



6.40 



6.00 



6.60 



7.20 



7.80 



8.40 



9.00 



9.60 



10.20 



10.80 



JI.40 



12.00 



12.60 



13.20 



11.80 



14.40 



16.00 



15.60 



16.20 



16.80 



17.40 



18.00 



18.60 



10.20 



19.80 



20.40 



21.00 



21.60 



fications submitted by consumers to manufacturers, and also in- 

 cludes a list of imperfections intended to serve as a glossary so 

 manufacturers and consumers may be brought to a closer under- 

 standing as to the meaning of references to various imperfections 

 in tire fabrics. While it is customary for tire fabric to be manu- 

 factured to specifications, these specifications vary considerably, 

 according to the requirements of tire manufacturers based on their 

 methods of operation, and an attempt to draw up definite speci- 

 fications for fabrics is not considered to be desirable at this time. 

 There has been some misunderstanding, however, between manu- 

 facturers and consumers as to allowable variations from specifi- 

 cations, and it is to provide basis for adjusting such conditions 

 that these tolerances are proposed. These tolerances and imper- 

 fections have been developed by a sub-committee and are based 

 on answers to a questionnaire submitted to tire fabric and tire 

 manufacturing industries. 



ards be inserted in brackets. Table I gives the conversion values 

 of linear yard weight to square yard weight. 



(c) Width in inches. 



(d) Count, giving first the ends, and second the picks per inch. 

 E.xample: Hose duck, 9 oz. sq. yd. (40 in. 10 oz.) 48 in. 28- 



by 18. 



3. The following is a partial list of mechanical fabrics in 

 general use : 



Tire Builder Fabric. A square-woven fabric having usually 

 11-ply yarn both warp and filling. 



Tire Cord Fabric. A fabric consisting of hawser cord yarn 

 in the warp, with single yarn filling at intervals to keep warp 

 threads together. 



Hose Duck. A soft, plain-weave duck of plied yarns not finer 

 than No. 8, made in weights from 10 to 24 oz. to the 40 in. width. 

 When made of finer yarn than No. 8, it is classed as special hose 

 duck. 



'These definitions nre issued under tlie fixed designation D — ; the final 

 number indicates the year of original issue, or in tiie case pf revision, the 

 year of las; revision. 



