Jl-ly 1, 1921 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



•51 



time the prevention of fire in textile mills has been reduced to a 

 science, and the number of serious fires in mills is only a small 

 percentage of the number that formerly occurred. An approved 

 sprinkler installation is an absolute necessity to the modern mill. 



PLANNING THE MILL 



To explain the method of planning the lay-out of a mill, a 

 standard tire fabric mill for the production of carded cord and 

 builder fabric will be taken as an illustration, and the details of 



C.\RD Room 



the machinery equipment worked out with reference to this par- 

 ticular type of mill. The size of the mill to be 5,000 spindles and 

 to produce 4.000 pounds of cord fabric and 4,000 pounds of builder 

 fabric. 



The requirements here call for Xo. 23 cord yarn to be twisted 

 11 ply for both warp and filling and to be woven 23 sley (warp 

 ends) and 23 picks to the inch for builder fabric. The cord fabric 

 to be made of No. 23 yarn to be twisted five ply and cabled three 

 ply and woven with 27 ends per inch of warp and single 23s filling 

 and woven with 2^4 picks per inch. 



The counts or numbers of the yarn to be made in this case 

 are already known as 23s: and for making this yarn the following 

 machinery is required : 



MACHINERY REQUIRED 



PRODUCTION AND SCHEDULE OF PICKING AND CARDING MACHINERY 



l-"i]U Ulank Crrr-io.N .Mills ('n.\lF.\NV 



Installment of 5020 Spindles. 



Yarn No. 23. Warp. No. 23/5/3. FillinR. .\neust. Xo. 23. 



Production. 8O00 Lbs. of Goods per Week of 48 Hours. 



Lbs. per 

 Week, 

 Pounds Total 

 No. of PICKING AND CARDING MACHINERY Per Pro- 



Machines Speeds Spindle duction 



1-40" 

 1-40" 

 1-40" 



32-40" 



16 



16 

 2 

 3 

 7 



1 

 1 

 10 

 1 

 I 

 1 



No. 4 Bale break :^r 



2 Peater breaker lapper 



1 Heater finisher lapper 850 



Rev. flat rards 27" dof^'er 12" cans 165 



Deliveries, 1st Orawins 6 into 12" cans. . 250 



Deliveries, 2nd Drawinc; 6 into 12" cans. . 250 



Slubbers, 12x6 bobbin 48 spindles — 96 sp. 600 



Inter. 10x5 bobbin 96 spindles = 288 sp. 800 

 Fine 8x3"i bobbin 152 spindles = 1,064 sp. 

 Remarks: 2 cards KrindiuK. 



SPINNING AND WEAVING MACHINERY 

 Ring frames, ways 3%" ga. 2" s. 228 sp. 8,000 



Spoolers S'A" Ka. 6" traverse 



Quillcr 20 sp. each 



Warpers 480 spools each 6x4" spools 



Twisters A'/i" ga. i'A" ring 168 sp. 840 



spindles 4,176 



Twisters 7" ga. S'/i" ling 120 sp. 240 



spindles 2,400 



Twisters S'A" ga. 4'A" ring 120 sp. 240 



spindles 2,400 



Respooler. 40 spindles 61^" ga 



72V/' cord loom 120 



72''S" automatic tire fabric looms 115 



Warp compressor, complete 



Inspecting machine 



Curtis & Marble calender 



300 

 614 

 614 

 110 



31 

 8 



1.63 

 2.16 



!.16 



4,000 

 400 



10,600 

 10.182 

 9,978 

 9,379 

 8,259 

 8.259 



8,512 



8,200 

 8.640 



8',646 



4,200 



4,320 



4,400 



4,666 

 4,000 



Mill SfPi-LiES. For the successful operation of each depart- 

 ment of the mill, tools and other supplies are necessary. These 

 generally consist of cotton Ijale scales, picker lap scales, roving 

 cans, bobbins, spools, skewers, harnesses, heddles, reeds, shuttles, 

 picker sticks, leather pickers, harness and lug straps, and the 

 various miscellaneous supplies such as belting, oil, trucks, etc., 

 as used in most every manufacturing plant. 



ROUTING THE COTTON 



Bale Bre.\kinc. When the cotton comes to the mill it is in 

 the familiar bales of commerce, 500 pounds to the bale. .After 

 being opened the cotton is fed to a machine known as the 

 bale-breaker. Here the matted cotton is loosened and lorn into 

 small bunches, which are delivered to the "feeder." 



.•\lto Feedinc .\nd Breaker Picking. The feeder is an auto- 

 matic machine containing a series of pin-studded flats which 

 deliver the bunches of cotton in regular (luantity over a conveyor 

 apron into the next machine, known as the breaker picker. This 

 machine gives the cotton a severe beating by means of two revolv- 

 ing shafts on which there are mounted two and three rows of 

 arms. These shafts revolve from 850 to 1,000 times a minute, so 

 that the cotton gets a certain number of blows per inch. The 

 result is that the sand and other foreign matter in the cotton 

 loosen and leave the staple in tiny tufts. These are caught up 

 by air suction and delivered to the next part of the machine, where 

 they receive another beating, to remove persistent dirt, and are 

 then rolled together in a great downy sheet on a rod. This 

 sheet is known as lap. 



Finisher Picking. Four of these laps are fed into the next 

 machine, known as the finisher picker. It beats the cotton some 

 more, and the four laps come out a further purified single lap, 

 which looks like cotton batting. 



Carding, .\fter all these beatings, one might think that no 

 dirt would remain, but there are still some particles of leaf, seed 

 pods, etc., clinging fast. So another machine, known as the card, 

 is designed to the task of removing the remaining impurities, and 

 of loosening and separating the fibers, so that they can be drawn 

 parallel with each other. The card has two big drums, each 

 covered with a wire-studded cloth and revolving so as barely to 

 miss touching one another. There are some 72,000 of the project- 

 ing wires to every square foot and no fiber has a chance to escape 

 its combing. The fiber leaves the big drums in a thin sheet 

 (web) about 40 inches wide, and is then passed through a set 



Great care should be taken in the selection of the machinery. 

 This is not a matter to be attempted by inexperienced persons, but 

 is a task in which the services of an expert are of the utmost 

 value. 



Spinning Room 



of reducing rolls which convert if into a rope about an inch m 

 diameter, known as a "sliver.'' This is coiled in a large fiber 

 or roving can 36 inches high and 12 inches in diameter. 



Two-Pkocess r>R.\wiNG. The next step is to put the sliver 

 through the drawing frames. Six slivers as they come from 

 the card are combined into one in the first frame, which consists 

 of a series of rolls, the last pair of which revolve six times as 



