THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



JlLY 1, 1921 



fast as the lirst pair, thus making the slivers tliat come out of 

 the frame six times as long but of the same diameter as the ones 

 that went in. Six of these latter slivers are fed into the second 

 drawing fraine and transformed into one. All that has been lost 

 in diameter heretofore has by now been gained in length. But 

 at this time the sliver is only a mass of parallel fibers and has no 

 strength whatever. The succeeding two operations are intended 

 to give it a certain amount of twist, so that the fibers will cling 

 together, while the size is reduced. 



Slibber. In the first of these operations final slivers from the 

 drawing machine arc fed into a machine known as a slubber. It 

 takes these and simultaneously twists and stretches them into one 

 strand, much longer, but with a diameter reduced to that of a 

 clothes line ; this it winds on a headless-spool bobbin, known as 

 the slubber bobbin, the resulting material being called rovin?. 



Intermepiate .and Fine Frames. Two strands of this rov- 

 ing from the slubber are next twisted and stretched into one, 



li'estinglu.'iise Electric & Mfg^ Co. 



Twisters Individually Driven by Motors 



which is wound on bobbins of the intermediate frames. Two of 

 these intermediate rovings in their turn are twisted and stretched 

 into a final roving, which has about the diameter of a wrapping 

 string. 



Ring Si'Inning. Two of the bobbins containing the I'lnal 

 roving are now set up on the creels in the spinning frame. These 

 strands of roving go through a trumpet and then through a set of 

 rolls running at different speeds, which still further stretch it 

 until it becomes the size of yarn wanted. Next it passes through 

 a small steel ring, called the traveler, which runs at a very high 

 speed on a ring, in the center of which is the fast-revolving 

 spindle. From the traveler the yarn is wound on the bobbin on 

 the spindle and gets the required twist. 



Spooling. The bobbins of single yarn are then taken from the 

 spinning frame and put on the spooler. Here the yarn is wound 

 on large spools that hold about a mile of thread. 



Warping. After the single yarn is wound on the spools, several 

 hundred of the latter — according to the number of ply to be 

 twisted — are set in a frame known as the warper creel. These 

 threads are all wound, side by side, on a big reel, known 

 as a warper beam. 



Twisting. This warper beam, by means of a traveling crane, 

 is placed above the twister frame. The object of the twister 

 is to form the ply yarn by inserting a sufficient amount of twist 

 in the required direction and to wind the resulting yarn on a 

 twister spool, which must be of large size to reduce the amount 

 of knots, which are not permissible in tire fabrics. 



The principle on which the ring twister is constructed and 

 operated is to pass the yarn from a creel to delivery rolls and 



twist it by passing it through a traveler that is revolved rapidly 

 around a ring, by means of a rotating spindle carrying the spool. 

 The difference between the circumferential speed of the spool and 

 the speed of the traveler causes the twisted yarn to be wound 

 on the bobbin. The twister closely resembles the ring spinning 

 frame, a large number of parts and motions of which are dupli- 

 cated. 



The ring sizes vary according to the number of ply yarn desired. 

 For 23/5/ ply a 3j4-inch ring is standard and for cabling 

 23/5/3 ply a 5^-inch ring is standard. For 23/11 ply the 4}4-inch 

 ring is almost universally used. 



The Warp Compressor for Direct Beaming. To make a 

 piece of builder tire fabric 60 inches wide requires 1,380 warp 

 threads. So, 1,380 spools of twisted yarn are placed in a creel 

 (similar to the warper creel). The yarn is unwound and passed 

 through the compressor rolls and then wound around the loom 

 beam, where it is ready for drawing in, which is the process 

 of threading the harnesses. For tire fabric, two harnesses are 

 required, which consist of wires or twine cords, each with an 

 eye in the middle. Each alternate thread goes through an eye 

 of one harness, and the others through the corresponding eye of 

 the other harness. 



Weaving and Finishing. The harnesses and warp beam are 

 now placed in the loom and the threads drawn around the take-up 

 roll in front of the loom, and the cloth is now ready to be woven. 



There are other auxiliary machines, as the quiller, which winds 

 the filling yarn onto the quill. This is put into the shuttle, which 

 is thrown from side to side, the operation being known as picking. 



From the loom, the fabric is taken to the inspection table, then 

 to the burler, where all loose ends are cut off, all bunches and 

 knots removed, ends sewed in and oil spots removed. Next, the 

 fabric is taken to the brushers, where it is thoroughly brushed, 

 and finally it is steamed and calendered, wrapped in paper and 

 burlap, and shipped. 



THE INTERNATIONAL B. F. GOODRICH 

 CORPORATION 



THE announcement of the organization of The International 

 B, F. Goodrich Corporation marks another widening of the 

 field of activities of the big rubber manufacturing concern which 

 recently rounded out its fiftieth year. 



The B. F. Goodrich Co. made its first entry into foreign mar- 

 kets more than twenty years ago, during the latter part of which 

 time the growth has been rapid. Its products have been intro- 

 duced into every civilized country on the globe and indeed have 

 been and are being used in out of the way lands which are just 

 be.cinning to feel the first influences of civilization. 



The new company, which has just been incorporated under the 

 laws of New York with a capital of $10,000,000, will represent 

 The B. F. Goodrich Co. in foreign countries. It will take over 

 the parent company's interest in factories (with selling organiza- 

 tions) located in France and Japan, as well as its selling sub- 

 sidiaries in Great Britain, Italy, Spain, South .Africa, Straits 

 Settlements and Porto Rico, acquiring distributers in all foreign 

 countries. It will handle all the products of the parent company — 

 tires for automobiles, trucks, motorcycles and bicycles ; rubber 

 footwear; conveyor and drive belts; hose and packing; water 

 l)0ttles and surgical rubber goods ; in short, all of the thousands 

 of dififcrent products now being made by The B. F. Goodrich 

 Co at the .Akron, Ohio, factories will come within the scope of 

 the new company which will, in addition, produce and sell products 

 in France and Japan. 



The aggressive and progressive sales methods of the parent 

 company and its subsidiaries have established a great volume of 

 foreign business and its steady and rapid increase has made 

 necessary an organization like The International B. F. Goodrich 



