248 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



Ianuary 1. 1921 



Sufficient results were obtained to indicate that sulpiniric acid 

 is generated in varying amounts, and endeavor is now being 

 made to explain scientitkally how this acid is formed, where it 

 is formed, what causes contribute to its formation, what dele- 

 terious eflfects it exerts upon the hose, and what remedies can be 

 suggested to prevent its formation or nullify its action. The 

 research program may require a year's work before the final 

 answers can be determined. 



HARD RUBBER PARTS OF STORAGE BATTERIES 



i.N the annals of up-to-date lighting, hard rubber seems to hold 

 a place of considerable importance. If you descend into the 

 depths of the sea by submarine, there are lighting elements 

 stored away in hard rubber battery jars that make this journey 

 possible. If perchance you ride in an airplane, hard rubber 

 battery jars still go with you, an important factor in your 

 safctv and comfort. If you prefer to travel on land or sea, 



The B. F. iioodri^h L 



B.^TTERV IaRS 



in motor boat, automobile, or train, the storage battery goes 

 along, and if you go down into the earth you will find it there 

 before you, in the miner's lamp. And wherever there are stor- 

 age batteries of the lead-acid type, there you will find hard 

 rubber battery jars. 



Although glass and porcelain containers are sometimes used, 

 hard rubber is a more frequent choice because it is much less 

 fragile and also considerably lighter. A battery constructed 

 with hard rubber containers is much simpler than one made with 



The B. F. Goodrich Co. 



Battery Covers 



lead-lined tanks, such as are sometimes used in trains, as the 

 insulated lining between the plates and the containers is elim- 

 inated. 



JAKS 



The main danger to be guarded against in hard rubber jars 

 is the use of too thin walls. For the various types of batteries 

 in common use, a prominent company which has specialized in 

 their manufacture for many years recommends certain wall thick- 

 nesses as the minimum. For submarine boat batteries, 5/16- 

 inch walls should be used ; in batteries for electric vehicles, in- 

 dustrial trucks and electric launches, nine-plate and less, 3/32- 

 inch walls, and if more than nine-plate, }^-inch walls are 

 recommended. Ignition, starting and lighting batteries for motor 

 cycles, either single or multiple compartment, take also a hard 

 rubber container with J/^-inch wall, and if the batteries are for 

 automobiles and ga.soline launches a wall thickness of 3/32-inch 

 is advised, provided that compartment jars of the exposed 

 type (not enclosed in another container) should have 5/32-inch 

 walls, with suitable reinforcements at top and bottom. Miners' 

 lamp batteries require }^-inch walls. The addition of 1/32-inch 

 to any of the above thicknesses is advised as a good investment. 

 Every hard rubber battery jar is subjected to an electrical test 



before shipment, thus guarding against the slightest defect in the 

 marketed product. 



COVERS 



Battery covers are also made of hard rubber but instead of 

 being cut from hard-rubber sheet, as was formerly the common 



'1 he B. F. Goodrich Co. 



Hard and Soft Rubber Vents 



method of manufacture, they are now molded. The best class of 

 covers are vulcanized under great hydraulic pressure and in 

 molds that do not warp or stretch. This makes them very 

 accurate in dimensions and of great strength and superior finish. 

 They can be made accurately to fit any type of hard rubber battery 

 jar. 



VENTS 



Vents are made of hard and soft rubber, according to use. One 

 large rubber company ofifers sixteen styles, accurately made 





Ihe B. F Goodrich Co. 



Battery Separators 



with clean threads and holes, including one style of soft rubber 

 made of an acid-resisting compound that has been proved suc- 

 cessful against sulphuric acid. Seven styles of vents are de- 

 signed for use with vent tubes in ignition, starting and lighting 

 batteries. 



separators 

 In choosing battery separators, a material should be selected 

 that is flexible enough to permit of assembling without breakage. 



Ihe B. !■'. Goodrich Co. 



Ribbed Separators 



Hard rubber has just the right toughness and is a superior 

 material for this use. Battery separators made of hard rubber 

 by a reliable manufacturer will retain their strong but pliable 

 condition for a long period and will be very slow to become 

 brittle, either in stock or in service. In addition to all these 

 good qualities, hard rubber is a permanent battery insulator. 



Battery separators may be had either with or without ribs and 

 with perforations ranging from 16^ per cent to 29J/2 per cent 

 porosity, representing the proportion of the area of the per- 

 forations to the total area. Ribbed separators should have a 

 sheet thickness of 1/32 inch. 



