February ,1, 1921 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



325 



A Glossary of W^ords and Terms Used in the Rubber Industry — IV 



15y Henry C. I'ear>oii 



IN RESPONSE to inquiries, the tentative plan of this glossary is to 

 submit it in sections, as for example, general terms relating to 

 crude rubber which appeared in the January issue. This instal- 

 ment to lie all available terms relating to American crude rubber. 

 Next, .African and Asiatic crude rubber. ]'"olIo\ving these, manu- 

 facturing terms in general use in all lines of rubber luanufacture, 

 and, lastly, terms relating to specific rubber manufacturing lines. 

 In the event that the work is of proven value, the various sec- 

 tions to be consolidated alphabetically in book form, inaking a 

 fairly complete working dictionary of rubber terms. 



NORTH, CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN WILD RUBBER 



.\ciD-cuRED Rubber. The product from the coagulation of latex 

 by acids. The terins applies generally to plantation Hevea where 

 acetic acid is the coagulant, but here to the use of that acid in 

 coagulating the latex of Ceara rubber. 



.'\ik-1)riku Iium;tR. See Coarse Para, Ceara and Centrals. 



Alum Coagul.med Rubber. Latex coagulated by the addition 

 of alum. See Mangabeira, Ceara and Matto Grosso. 



Angostura Rubber. Hevea rubber which comes down the 

 Orinoco river in Venezuela from Ciudad Bolivar, and is of the 

 same grades as Amazonian Para. See Fine Para. 



Acre C.^ucho. See Caucho. 



Acre P.-^r.^. Hevea rubber from the Federal territory of the 

 Acre in Brazil. See Upriver Par;i. 



Amazon Rubber. A general term for any Para rubber gath- 

 ered on the banks of the Amazon or its affluents. 



Amazonas Rubber. See Manaos Rubber. 



Amole Rubber. Castilloa rubber produced by the use of an 

 infusion made from the amole vine with tlie late.x. See Centrals. 



Beni-Eolivian. See Bolivian. 



Bolivian Para. Hevea rubber which comes down the Beni 

 and other rivers in Bolivia to the Madeira and thence to the 

 .\mazon. It has a cleaner fiber and is tougher than mn>t upriver. 

 See Upriver Para. 



Bolivian Caucho. See Caucho. 



Bolivian Weak Fine. See Weak Fine. 



Cameta Par.'v. Hevea rubber from the port of that name on 

 the Tocantins River. It is air coagulated and comes in cup- 

 shaped pieces, massed into large blocks or balls, called in the Eng- 

 lish market, Cameta negroheads. See Coarse Para, 



Caucho. Rubber derived from the Caslilloa uici, not the 

 product of the Castilloa elastica (Centrals), obtained originally 

 from Peru, but later from most of the rubber-producing areas 

 of Bolivia and Brazil. It is classified generally as upper river 

 and lower river. It comes to the market as ball, strip and slab. 

 The slab is the result of coagulation through the addition of 

 astringent plant juices or of soap. The strip is rubber that has 

 self-coagulated or air-dried in the tapping cuts. Ball is the ag- 

 glutinated product of air-dried scrap and strips. The product 

 varies considerably in cleanness, the shrinkage being from 18 to 

 4.5 per cent. The ports of shipment are Iquitos, .Manao? and 

 Para. 



Caviana Fine. Smoke-coagulated Hevea, the highest grade 

 of islands, having a smooth, close grain, the name being taken 

 from the island at the mouth of the Amazon which produces it. 

 Small flattened pclles arc known as Caviana knapsack. See Fine 

 Para. 



Coarse Par.v (Scrnamby, Negroheads). Air-dried, self- 

 coagulated rubber from the Hevea, collected from utensils used m 

 gathering, in cuts in the trees and scraps. These are pressed 

 together in rou.ghly shaped balls, 3 to 10 inches in diameter. In 

 packing, these balls stick together and form rough masses like 



^Continued from The Indta Rubber World. Jami.-iry 1, 1921. pnRcs 23.S.6. 



the receptacle in which they are shipped. The balls when cut 

 open are of a dirty yellowish white shot through with black lines. 

 They often contain dirt, and foreign matter. The shrinkage is 

 18 to 45 per cent. 



Castilloa (Castilla) Rubber. .\ term used chiefly for the 

 product of the Castilloa elastica. See Centrals, 



Ceara Negrohead. See Ceara. 



Centrals (Central American). Rubber from the Castilloa 

 elastica and allied species and from certain S'apiums from Central 

 and South American states north of the Amazon and including 

 Mexico. The rubber has neither the elasticity nor toughness of 

 fine or coarse Para. It is marketed as sheet or slab, strip, ball and 

 sausage. Sheet or slab is coagulated often in lioles in the ground, 

 the coagulant being the juice of the ainole vine, soap or any com- 

 mon astringent. Strip is latex that dries in the tapping cuts. 

 Scrap, balls and sausages are small masses of strip and other air- 

 coagulated rubber stuck together for convenience in shipping. 

 The principal ports of shipment are Port Limon and Greytown, 

 Costa Rica ; Bluelields and Corinto, Nicaragua ; Belize, Honduras ; 

 Salvador. St. Jose, Guatemala. 



Costa Rica Rubber See Centrals, 



Colombian Rubber, Castilloa rubber that comes to the market 

 in dark colored, air coagulated strips, graded as No. 1 and No. 2. 

 .\ small amount of thin rough tarry sheet comprises the lowest 

 grade called Cartegena sheets. See Centrals. 



Cartegena Rubber. See Columbian Rubber. 



Columbian Virgin Rubber. See Virgin Rubber. 



Corinto Rubber. Castilloa rubber shipped from the Pacific 

 port of Nicaragua of that name. See Centrals. 



Chrvsil Rubber. The product of a North American shrub, 

 the Chrysothavms nauscosus. Still in process of investigation, 



Cear,\ Rubber (Mani(.-ob\-Manihot). K rubber produced in 

 the southern Brazilian states of Ceara, Piauhy, Pernambuco, 

 Bahia and Minas Geraes, It is the product of the Manihot Gla- 

 ziovii, M. Dicholoma and the M. Piaiihiensis. There are three 

 forms of coagulation : air-drying, in which the latex coagulates 

 in tears on the surface of the trees; alum coagulation, and acid 

 coagulation. The rubber ordinarily comes to the market in the 

 form of Ceara scrap, which is the air-dried product, roughly 

 agglutinated to the shape of the shipping containers; Ceara negro- 

 heads, whicli is air-dried scrap pressed into balls, and Ceara sheet 

 coagulated either by the addition of alum or acetic acid. The 

 above grades as a rule contain much foreign matter and the 

 shrinkage is large. The alum or acid-coagulated Ceara is some- 

 times rolled by machinery into thin sheets, forming what is known 

 as Ceara crepe. The air-dried scrap is also washed and mar- 

 keted as washed Ceara scrap. The above-mentioned grades are 

 all products of the M. Glazio'Ai. A higher grade is the product 

 of the M. Dicholoma (Remanso rubber). This comes as Jequie 

 sheet and Jequie crepe, acid-coagulated ; Jequie scrap and Jequie 

 washed scrap, air-coagulated. What is known as Piauhy rubber 

 is the product of the PiatiMcnsis or Heptaphylla, which is classed 

 as Ceara. The principal points of shipment are Bahia, Pernam- 

 Inico, Ceara and Paranahyba. The rubber shows a shrinkage of 

 23 to 55 per cent. 



Cure. .\n ordinary term for smoking or coagulating. 



Crepe. Thin crenulated sheets of rubber prepared by passing 

 freshly coagulated latex or air-dried scrap through compression 

 rolls. See Ceara and Mangabeira. 



Entrefin.v. The Brazilian and English icrm for medium fine 

 Para. See Me<lium Fine Para. 



Esmeralda Rubber. Castilloa rubber from Ecuador. The 

 usual grades are strip and sausage. See Centrals. 



