326 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



Kebriary I, 1921 



Fine I'arv (//••.•m Bntsiliciisis). The highest gratlc and lor 

 years the unit of value in crude rubber. It is smoke-cured in 

 biscuits (pelles) ranging in size from 4 to 40 pounds. The biscuits 

 vary in color from dark brown to black. Cut opt-n, they show 

 dark brown toward the outside, changing to amber and finally to 

 white at the center. Each biscuit is made up of a multiplicity 

 of thin lihns as complete layers, each lilm separately smoked and 

 coagulated. The factory shrinkage is from 10 to 18 per cent. 

 The grades of line Para, besides their general terms, are further 

 divided and given names of rivers on the banks of which they are 

 .v{athere(l Thus : I'privcr Para not only is known as Bolivian, 

 Peruvian, Acre. Matto Grosso, Amazonas, but a further subdi- 

 vision comes in such river names as Madeira, Purus, Jurua and 

 Javary and Bcni, les.ser affluents of the Amazon. 



Gu.w.MjLiL Strip. Castilloa rubber from Colombia and Ecua- 

 dor. Classed as good and ordinary. Usually in slab form. Often 

 very wet. See Centrals. 



Gu.\tem.\la Rubber. Castilloa rubber usually of poor grade. 

 Is air-cured in thin sheets, pressed together green into slabs, often 

 black and tarry. See Centrals. 



Greytown Rubber. See Centrals. 



GuAvuLE Rubber. Rubber produced from a desert shrub in- 

 digenous to Xorthern Mexico, the Partbenium argentatmn. The 

 rubber occurs in the shrub not as latex, but as rubber, and is 

 extracted from the woody bark either by mechanical or chemical 

 means. The product is soft, rather resinous, but usually quite 

 clean. The shrinkage is IS to 40 per cent. It is marketed under 

 the private brands of the extracting companies. 



Hancornia Rubber. See Mangabeira. 



Hevea Rubber. See Para. 



Hard Cure. The best quality of upriver line, the biscuits being 

 drier than those of the lower river. See Fine Para. 



Honduras RimBER. See Centrals. 



Islands Coarse. Hevea scrap from the lower Amazon. Sec 

 Coarse Para. 



Islands Medium. Large second grade biscuits of Hevea from 

 the delta of the Amazon. See Medium Fine Para. 



Islands Fine (Soft Cure). Hevea rubber collected on the 

 lower Amazon, especially on the islands of the delta. See Fine 

 Para. 



Itaituba Para. Hevea rubber from the head of steam naviga- 

 tion on the Tapajos River, Brazil. The fine and medium are apt 

 to be poor and the coarse dirty. See Fine, Medium and Coarse. 



Iquitos Rubber. Hevea shipped from the Peruvian port of 

 that name. See Fine Para. 



Javary C.\ucho. Upper river Castilloa rubber from the river 

 of that name. See Caucho. 



Javary Far.v Hevea upriver Para. See Fine Para. 



JURU.\ Caucho. Upper river caucho rubber from the river 

 of that name. See Caucho. 



JURU.v Para. Upriver Hevea rubber from the river of that 

 name. See Fine Para. 



Jequie Rubber. Manihot rubber from the southern states of 

 Brazil. See Ceara, 



Knapsack Par.'\. Especially good grade of upriver Hevea 

 from the Madeira River, so called from the shape of the pelles. 

 See Fine Para. 



Knapsack Caviana. Small flattened Hevea pelles. See Ca- 

 viana. 



Lower River. Caucho from the Amazon below Santerem and 

 the affluents, Tapajos, Xing^u, and the Tocantins. See Caucho. 



Madeira Par.v Upriver Hevea, named for the great tributary 

 of the Amazon. Is of excellent quality and has a fine close grain. 

 See Fine Para. 



Manaos Par.'\. Upriver Hevea rubber exported from the capi- 

 tal of Amazonas. .See Fine Para. 



Matto Grosso Para. Hevea rubber from the state of that 

 name. See Fine Par&. 



Matto Grosso Caucho. Caucho from the Brazilian province 

 of that name. See Caucho. 



Matto Grosso Virgin. Alum-cured Hevea rubber, prepared in 

 blocks 6 inches tliick and 12 inches in length and width. The sur- 

 face is brown in color, the inside greenish yellow. The shrinkage 

 is 12 to 25 per cent. 



Mangabeira Rubber. The product of the Hancornia speciosa 

 indigenous to Southern Brazil. It is alum-cured, flabby and wet 

 and comes in sheets of a tawny color resembling liver. The 

 shrinkage is from 40 lo 60 per cent. The sheets are sometimes 

 machine washed and marketed as Mangabeira crepe. The rubber 

 is exported from Bahia and Pernambuco. 



Medium Fine Par.'\ (Entrefina). Second grade Hevea rub- 

 ber in biscuits similar to fine Para. The inside of the biscuit, 

 however, is composed wholly or in part of small lumps or scraps 

 of air-dried, or partly coagulated rubber or badly smoked rubber 

 over which films have been deposited by smoking. On cutting it 

 shows an uneven mixture of brown, black or dirty white lines. 

 The shrinkage is 12 to 25 per cent. See Fine Para. 



Middle River Far.\. Hevea rubber from the rivers Tapajos, 

 Tocantins and Xingu. The grades are upper Tapajos, lower 

 Tapajos, Upper Xingu and Lower Xingu Fine, and Tocantins. 

 See Para, Fine, Medium and Coarse Para. 



Mollendo Far.v Hevea rubber shipped from the Peruvian 

 port of that name, but collected in southern Bolivia, prepared 

 principally in biscuits. See Fine Para. 



Mexican Rubber. Castilloa rubber shipped from the Mexican 

 ports of Vera Cruz and Puerto Mexico. See Centrals. 



Mexican Guayule Rubber. See Guayule. 



Manitoba Rubber. See Ceara. 



Manihot Rubber. See Ceara. 



Negroheads. See Coarse Para and Ceara. 



New Crop. Rubber but recently gathered or about to be re- 

 ceived from the gatherers. 



Nicaragua Rubber. Castilloa rubber from the republic of that 

 name and to a degree from neighboring republics. It is drier 

 than most Centrals. The best grade is Greytown scrap. The 

 principal ports of export are Bluefields and Greytown. See Cen- 

 trals. 



Old Crop. The product of a former season's gathering. 



Orinoco Par.v. See Angostura Para. 



Old Fine. See Old Crop. 



Par.'\ Rubber (Wild). A general term for rubber from wild 

 trees of the genus Hevea, indigenous to South America. Called 

 Para because it was first shipped commercially from the Brazilian 

 port of that name. Most of this rubber comes from the states of 

 Para, Amazonas, Matto Grosso and .■Vcre in Brazil and from the 

 forest areas in Bolivia and Peru east of the Andes. It is also 

 found in a lesser degree in Colombia, Venezuela and the Guianas. 

 The most important is the Hczva brasilicnsis, although of the 

 twenty or more species, several also furnish Para rubber either 

 alone or in admixture. Para rubber is first divided into three 

 grades of origin : islands, middle river and upriver. These in turn 

 are subdivided into three grades of quality : fine, medium and 

 coarse. See Fine, Medium, Coarse. 

 Par.'v Weak Fine. See Weak Fine. 



Peruvian Par.4. Upriver Hevea rubber from Peru. See Fine 

 Para. Also a term erroneously applied in the English trade to 

 the rubber described under the heading, Caucho. 



Peruvian Caucho. Upper river caucho. See Caucho. 

 Peruvian Tails. See Caucho. 

 Peruvian Weak Fine. See Weak Fine. 



Panama Rubber. Castilloa rubber shipped from either of the 

 Panama Canal ports. See Centrals. 



Purus Para. Hevea rubber from the river Purus One of the 

 choicest upriver grades. See Fine Para. 

 Purus Weak Fine. See Weak Fine. 

 PiAUHY Rubber. See Cear&. 



