886 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



Seitember 1, 1921 



Cord Reinforcement Patch. A pad of several layers of cord 

 rebuilding fabric superimposed in graduated sizes, impregnated 

 with rubber and semi-cured. Used either for inside reinforce- 

 ment of outside sectional repairs, or for mending a casing which 

 has a minor injury in several of its plies. 



Cord Repairing Fabric A textile practically identical with 

 the original cord fabric used in building tires and heavily im- 

 pregnated with rubber. See Cord Fabric. 



Cord Section. A repaired section of a cable cord tire through 

 the removal of damaged cords and the insertion of new. 



Cord Separation. An injury to cord and cord-fabric tires due 

 usually to sand and water working through tread cuts and re- 

 sulting in a chafing of one or more of the cord plies. 



Cord Tire. A tire, the carcass of which is built with two 

 layers — as the Silvcrtown type — of heavily rubberized cable cords 

 placed diagonal to each other, each layer being insulated in rub- 

 ber. Also a tire of the multiple-cord type, built of cord fabric 

 using smaller cords and more plies. See Silvertown and Multi- 

 ple Cord. 



Cord Tire Tubes. Inner tubes with thick walls often made 

 with nine plies of laminated rubber instead of the usual six, and 

 designed to better fill out the bore of cord tires which is slightly 

 larger than that of fabric tires, and to offset the inflation strain 

 and chafing to which regular tubes would be subjected in such 

 casings. See Inner Tube. 



Corded Fabric. See All Warp Tire Fabric. 



Cords. Heavily rubberized cotton cables used in the carcass 

 of cord tires ; also, colloquially, cord tires. 



Coreless Beads. A reclaimer's term for material stripped from 

 the beads of old tires. 



Cotton. A basic material forming the skeleton of the pneu- 

 matic tire. The proportion of cotton in a tire varies with dif- 

 ferent makes. In an average distribution of materials 23 per 

 cent by weight may be allotted to fabric. 



The varieties of cotton used in tire duck cord fabric, and cords 

 include: American peeler, a strong fiber — If^ to 15^-inch — grown 

 in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas ; Sea Island, 

 a very choice quality, grown chiefly on islands off the Georgia 

 Coast, the fibers ranging from \'/z to 2'/^ inches; Egjptian, also 

 called "Sak" or Sakellarides, an excellent sort raised in the upper 

 valley of the Nile, with a fiber of from 1^ to l}4-inch; Peruvian 

 (.smooth), with a IM-'nch fiber; and American-Egyptian, now 

 grown extensively in the reclaimed, arid lands of the Southwest, 

 and developed since 1910 by government experts from Egyptian 

 Sakellarides into two sorts, Pima and Yuma, after two districts 

 in Arizona in which the experimental growths were conducted. 

 The fiber of American-Egyptian ranges from 1-7/16 to 1-11/16 

 inches. It is strong and silky, is especially adapted for low num- 

 ber yarns, and is preferred by many spinners for tire fabrics on 

 account of its superior twist. 



Cousin Stock. A stock that is less supple than cushion but 

 more so than tread, applied between breaker and tread. Designed 

 to lessen road shock to the cushion and the carcass. 



Cover. See Casing. 



Creeping. Longitudinal movement of a tire on its rim, or of 

 an inner tube in its casing. 



Cross Weave (Square Weave). The plain or square inter- 

 lacing of yarn or thread as found in tire duck. 



Ci'Red-Back Gum. Sheet rubber with one side cured, used for 

 inside reinforcement of heavy inner tubes, the uncured side pre- 

 venting adhesion to the opposite side of the tube in repairing. 



Curing. Applying heat to effect the chemical union of rubber 

 and sulphur, with or without other ingredients. See Vulcanizing. 



Curing Scale. In steam curing, a table showing the amount 

 of pressure needed to develop proper vulcanizing temperature ; 

 as, 40 pounds will yield 286.7 degrees F. ; 60 pounds, 307.2 degrees 

 F., etc. 



Cushion. A resilient layer of rubber placed under or over the 



breaker strip, designed to bind it and the tread firmly to the car- 

 cass, and to cushion the carcass from shocks. 



Cushion Gum. See Cushion. 



Cushion Stock. See Cushion. 



Cut Filler. A rubber dough or putty used to fill tread cuts. 

 See Dough. 



Dead Ends. Sealed terminals of non-continuous inner tubes. 



Dekl.\tion. Exhaustion or removal of air from an inner tube. 

 Accomplished by rolling the tube from a point opposite the valve, 

 or by connecting the valves with air-suction apparatus. See De- 

 flator. 



Defl.\tor. a vacuum pump repair-shop and tire-factory de- 

 vice for withdrawing air from tubes that have been inflated for 

 testing, and to permit the tubes, when new, to be folded, packed, 

 and shipped, or to allow them to be mended after usage. 



Demount. To remove a tire from a rim, or a rim from its 

 setting. 



Demountable Pneumatic. A motorcycle, passenger, or truck 

 pneumatic tire that may be removed with its rim. See Rims. 



Demountable Rim. See Rims. 



Depressed Tread. A tire having a tread with a hollowed out 

 design intended to afford security against skidding. 



Detachable Demountable Rim. A rim so made that the tire 

 alone may be removed or that both tire and rim may be removed 

 together. See Rims. 



Detachable Pneumatic. A motorcycle, passenger, or truck 

 pneumatic tire that may be removed from a wheel rim. See Rims. 



Detachable Tube. The inflatable member of a double-tube 

 bicycle tire, differentiated from the vulcanized-in type used in 

 single-tube tires. 



Dismountable Rim. A demountable rim. See Rims. 



Double Bead Tire. A tire having its bead cores formed of 

 many wire cables embedded in semi-hard rubber, and bisected 

 throughout with four plies of cord fabric to impart e.xtra rigidity 

 and strength to bead and casing. 



Double Clinch. A type of double-tube bicycle tire, in which 

 the toes of the soft bead casing are made to engage a flange be- 

 tween two rim channels and the heels to fit under the incurving 

 flanges on the edges of the rim. See Rims. 



Double Cure. A manufacturing term. In repairing, a trouble 

 experienced in using cavity retread molds, whereby in vulcanizing 

 adjoining sections a part already cured receives a second and un- 

 desired curing. See Combination Cure. 



Double Lock Blowout Patch. A frictioned fabric inside 

 patch to hold a blowout or rim cut, with wings with which 

 it can be double-locked over each bead. 



Double Tube Tires. An early designation of the modem 

 pneumatic automobile tire, referring to a tire having a removable, 

 inflatable tube included in a protective outer cover, attachable to 

 a rim. 



Dough. A self-curing, plastic rubber composition for filling 

 tire cuts. See Cements. 



Dry Cure. A repair term, applied to the vulcanizing of treads, 

 sections, patches, etc., in heated molds and without direct contact 

 with steam or moist heat. 



Drying. The removal of all moisture from tire material in 

 repair, preliminary to cementing or curing. 



Dual Pneumatic Tire. Two pneumatic tires applied side by 

 side on a truck wheel — but little used now, owing to difficulty in 

 maintaining uniform air pressure and distributing car load. 



Duck Plies. Layers of tire builder canvas. 



DuNi.OP Tire. The prototype of the present-day pneumatic 

 tire. Originally a simple, inflated rubber tube taped on a bicycle 

 wheel and patented in Great Britain in 1888 by John Boyd Dunlop, 

 of Belfast, Ireland. Now a tire of the double-tube variety made by 

 the Dunlop Rubber Co., Limited, and having a wire-edge casing 

 with an endless inner tube. 



Elastic Tyres. A British term generally applied in patent ap- 



