494 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



April 1, 1921 



decrease or increase in energ>- storage capacity as compared with 

 otlier samples of the same pigment. This would seem to be of 

 particular value in the case of the finer pigments, such as the 

 blacks, the individual particles of which are beyond the resolving 

 power of our miscro5copes. 



FASTENING IRON AND RUBBER 



Scientific methods for copperizing iron are not within reach 

 of all. Many have no knowledge of electro-plating and do not 

 want it. A process used in a factory that turned out 5,000 wring- 

 cr-rolls a day, but did not use electrical deposition of copper, 

 may be of interest. 



The method was termed the Adam process. As a prelimihary 

 the wringer shafts were put in a tank, covered with a strong 

 solution of potash and boiled for one hour. The shaft was then 

 rinsed thoroughly in running water, put into a heater and the 

 steam run up to 145 pounds with the exhaust slightly open. This 

 was held for two hours. The shafts thus cleaned of grease 

 were ground rough on a corundum or emery wheel. 



For the next step which is copperizing, eight copper tanks, 

 18 inches square and three feet deep, with a steam coil and water 

 pipe in the bottom of each, were used. The solutions were as 

 follows; first tank, potash water; second, water; third, muriatic 

 acid; fourth, water; fifth, sulphuric acid, 1/3 water; sixth, water; 

 seventh, blue vitriol one pint, water eight gallons, sulphuric acid 

 small quantity. (The blue vitriol is made in earthern jars with 

 the crystals and water and a small quantity of sulphuric acid.) 

 Eighth, hot water. 



The shafts are then put in a copper pail perforated with small 

 holes, the dipping beginning with tank No. 1 proceeds as follows : 

 Dip twice in the first ; rinse in the second ; once slowly in the 

 third; rinse in the fourth; once in the fifth; rinse in the sixth; 

 once in the seventh ; then in the eighth, holding until hot enough 

 to dry quickly. The shafts then have a thin coating of copper. 

 When dry, cover with cement. Then wrap a strip of inside stock 

 spirally about the shaft. Build the shaft up with inside stock, 

 cover with better stock for the outside. The roll must fit tight 



Dipping Tanks for Copperizing 



leiN Sq -5 FT DEEP 



when driven into the mold for it takes the pressure to make it 

 bind the shaft and it can be seen how well it does this by the 

 length of the spinout. Small truck wheels and small carriage 

 tires were formerly fastened by the above process. 



The Moulton process was as follows : The shaft was steam 

 cleaned and a hole made through each end inside the bearing. 

 A layer of stock was applied to the shaft, then a wire, about one- 

 sixteenth of an inch in diameter more or less, fastened in one 

 end and wound spirally about the shaft and fastened in the op- 

 posite hole. The shaft was built up with stock. This, under 

 pressure of the heating, fastened around the wire. 



To attach rubber bands for carpet sweeper wheels a weak so- 

 lution of muriatic acid was put in a tank with steam coils. The 

 rings were put in the solution and heat applied.- If the work was 

 done properly this made small cracks on the surface of the ring. 

 The rings were rinsed in running water until the acid was gone. 

 The iron wheel was cleaned and covered with a heavy coat of 

 shellac varnish. Then the band was put on and heated to soften 

 the shellac and when cool the band was fast. 



SHOP-MADE AIR BAG FOR GIANT TIRE REPAIR 



Unable to wait for air-steam bags to be shipped from the East 

 or the Mid-West, for the repair of giant pneumatic truck tires, 

 a Los Angeles vulcanixcr recently began to make his own bags. 

 He claims that he has 

 saved not only time but 

 money, inasmuch as he 

 has produced for $20 a 

 bag that would have 

 cost $40 for a 42 by 9 

 casing. His method is 

 simple. Having meas- 

 ured with a steel tape 

 the inner circumference 

 of a casing, including 

 the space between the 

 beads as they set on n 

 rim, he gets what lie 

 terms a true rim meas- 

 ure. An A-1 red tube 

 of size indicated for 

 the tire is then inflated, 

 cemented and covered 

 with ordinary bias re- 

 building fabric until it 

 equals the inner circum- 

 ference of the casing. 

 Each splice is laid back 

 a short distance to in- 

 sert the cushion stock, 

 which, it is claimed, 

 holds the fabric better 

 and averts danger of loosening. Much stress is put on careful 

 measuring. A bag made too small might explode, and one too 

 large might buckle. It is not advisable to use the same bag for 

 both straight side and clincher tires, owing to the difference in 

 their contours. By removing the valve core, a solution of 2}^ 

 ounces of glycerine to a pint of water is injected into the bag 

 to keep the rubber soft and prevent semi-curing. The air pres- 

 sure used on repair work would not exceed 70 pounds even on 

 tires that test at 140 pounds. The Los Angeles man is also care- 

 ful to deflate the bag before removing it from the casing, and 

 preserves its shape and condition by keeping it inflated when 

 not in use. He never cools a bag by throwing it into water, be- 

 cause such chilling would soon crack the rubber lining. 



M.^Ki.MG A Truck Tire Air Bag 



ATHOL TOP MATERIAL FOR AUTOMOBILE.S 



A top material must be immune to the blistering rays of 

 the sun and capable of preserving its strength through all 

 sorts of climatic conditions. Athol top material is a rubber 

 top material recently put upon the market and is composed 

 almost entirely of rubber. It is offered to the trade with 

 confidence in its ability to withstand rough abuse, as it is 

 said to be manufactured after a formula that has stood up 

 under the most exhaustive tests. — .''ithol Manufacturing Co., 

 Athol, Massachusetts. 



"MICHEUN MASTIC 



A new brand of plastic cement, "Michelin Mastic," is now 

 marketed by a well-known tire concern and is said to be most 

 satisfactory when used alone for repairing small punctures and 

 for closing surface cuts in casings. For larger cuts in casings 

 "Michelin Mastic" and cement should be used, and for this pur- 

 pose these two are put up in a handy combination set containing 

 a 2-ounce bottle of each. This forms a convenient package for the 

 tool kit and may prove a friend in need to the motorist. — Miche- 

 lin Tire Co., Milltown, New Jersey. 



