560 



THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 



May 1, 1921 



GLUCOSE 



Glucose is familiar as corn syrup, a thick, transparent, heavy 

 liquid of sweet taste, although less sweet than sucrose or ordinary 

 cane sugar. Glucose syrup contains from 40 to 50 per cent of 

 dextrose, from 30 to 40 per cent of dextrin, and water. 



In chewing gum mixing glucose syrup serves as a binder and 

 solvent for the dry sugar, thus permitting the easy incorporation 

 of the large proportion of the latter in the mixing. 



SUGAS 



Pure, refined, white XXXX powdered sugar is the chief com- 

 pounding ingredient in chewing gum. U also is freely used for 

 dusting the gum as it is handled in the machines, on conveyors 

 and on trays for cooling. 



The same grade of sugar is also used to make the thick syrup 

 for coating gum balls, "chiclets" or "nuggets" by the process em- 

 ployed for sugar coating in various forms of confectionery. 



COLOHS 



Wliile sugar-coated forms of chewing gum are generally left 

 white it is a common practice to color the surface of ball gum. 

 The colors used are : licorice for black ; chocolate for brown ; 

 turmeric for yellow and certified harmless colors allowable in 

 food products for red, green, etc. 



rLAVORING 



The various flavorings employed are a very expensive feature 

 of chewing gum manufacture. Some are synthetic and others 

 natural, as for example, the oil of mint. Special storage is set 

 apart for safe keeping of the flavoring extracts in a gum factory 



By the aid of heat, dissolve the sugar in tlie water and boil 

 to the "crack" degree, so called by confectioners ; pour the resultant 

 syrup upon an oiled slab; add the chicle, paraffine wax and balsam 

 tolu, all melted together, and mix thoroughly. This manipulation 

 produces a tough plastic mass which after addition of the flavor- 

 ing may be cut into the desired form. 



PAHAFFINE GUM FORMULA 



Paraffine is dissolved at a gentle heat with a small amount of 

 sweet oil and glycerine, the amount of each depending upon the 

 season, less being required in warm than in cold weather. The 

 gum (Peruvian balsam, liquid amber or whatever gum desired) 

 is 'then added' and stirred in until the mass becomes homogeneous. 

 Next, add white powdered sugar, stir in, and finally add the 

 flavoring desired. The mass is then poured on a candy slab, 

 rolled into sheets and cut to size. 



MANUTACTITEE 



Although the great bulk of the chewing gum trade is con- 

 centrated with a few well-known concerns the total number of 

 gum manufacturers in the industry is said to somewliat exceed 

 200. 



Various special machines are required in gum manufacture, 

 some of which are heavy and expensive, .\utomatic machinery 

 is much used, particularly in packaging the goods where the out- 

 put is considerable. 



TYPICAL CHEWING GUM PLANT 



A typical lay-out for a small gum plant is shown in Fig. S. 



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Elevai-or 



Space for I nspecting ^ 



Packing and Shipping 



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American Chicle Co. 



Typical Lay-Out of a Modern Chewing Gum Factory 



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. d'Courseoi 



^JMafenalii 



^/Process of 



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Table 





^Chopping ~^ 

 Machine 



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because of their high value. In the larger plants the stock of 

 flavoring extracts frequently amount to several hundred thousands 

 of dollars. 



MEDICAMENTS 



Naturally the medicaments used in chewing gum are very few. 

 The list includes pepsin, listerine, licorice and possibly some others. 

 The amount of medication possible in a stick of chewing gum is 

 too limited to be practical. 



CHEWING GUM FORMULAS 



TYPICAL FORMULA 



Chicle 14 



Chicle substitute 14 



Caramel paste 1 



Glucose 14 



Powdered sugar, XXXX 57 



100 

 Flavoring extract as required. 



CHICLZ GUM FORMULA 



Gum chicle, 3^^ pounds; paraffine wax, 1 pound; balsam tolu, 

 2 ounces ; sugar, 12 pounds ; water, 3 pints ; flavoring. 



The arrangement of equipment is that of two parallel units to 

 admit doubling the capacity when required. The course of the 

 material through the manufacturing processes is indicated by 

 arrows. In such a plant as that indicated nnich hand labor would 

 be emplo3-cd and only the essential machinery would be found. 

 The largest plants of course contain many special and automatic 

 machines and an elaborate air-conditioning installation for the 

 drying, cooling and packaging departments. 



TENNIS BALLS CANNED FOR EXPORT 

 Imported "canned" tennis balls have a real playing advantage 

 over balls shipped otherwise, in the opinion of tennis players 

 in Shanghai, China. When manufacturers learned that tenni;j 

 balls were affected by moisture during the long voyage, thereby 

 losing much of their resiliency, they began to pack balls for 

 shipment to the Far East in hermetically sealed cans. It is 

 believed that such canning has a good eflfect and that balls so 

 protected were the determining factor in winning this year's 

 singles tournament in Shanghai. 



