NINTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART III 97 
more under than even 16 hands high; and v/ith that we have the compact 
type and the high action. 
The American carriage horse or the carriage type i.3 very frequently 
called the heavy harness type, that term being used to distinguish the 
horse from the light harness type, which is the speed horse or the road- 
ster. The heavy harness horse does not mean a draft horse; it simply 
means a carriage horse of the type and conformation that is used on 
the heavier vehicles and with heavier harness than we use on our road- 
sters or ordinary driving horses, as we see most of them in this country. 
That kind of a horse must first of all have beauty of conformation, style 
and finish; and it must have that high, true action which is essential to a 
carriage horse or to a high-selling horse for carriage purposes in our city 
markets and other places where a demand for this class of horses exists. 
Notwithstanding the fact that the great emphasis was placed upon speed 
in all this time of the development of our American horses, we were 
nevertheless producing a large number of horses that were meeting this 
other requirement; and this has led to a study as to what the native types 
and blood lines are that will contribute to the production of high-class 
horses. 
I have spoken of these three lines, and many of those are similar. In 
fact, some of the leading horses that we have in Kentucky, where they 
have produced more horses of that type, perhaps, than in any other state, 
are registered in all three of these stud books. So there has been an 
intermingling of that blood to a large extent, and notwithstanding the 
fact that the Morgan horse has been largely disappearing, as we have 
thought, it is found that very many of our best horses to-day have a large 
infusion of that Morgan blood. 
I had hoped to have a number of views of the horses that are used in 
the government work, but for some reason the photographs have failed to 
reach me. I have here a photograph of the horse Carmen, which is at the 
head of the government stud. This horse is a standard-bred, and yet when 
you come to analyze his pedigree you will find a strong infusion of Morgan 
blood in it. This is at the head of the government stud in the breeding 
operations in Fort Collins. It weighs about 1,145 and stands 16 hands. 
Here is a photograph of the horse called Red Cloud, which was Carmen's 
mate in the four that Mr, Lawson showed. Red Cloud was a horse that 
in his show days held a record that was rarely equalled. He is consid- 
ered by many of our competent judges to be as good a heavy harness 
horse as ever appeared in our American show rings. These two horses 
were shown together as the wheelers in that famous four that were ex- 
hibited by Mr. Lawson. This horse Red Cloud, now 21 or 22 years old, is 
doing stud, service in Kentucky. He was sold last year, I believe, at 
$2,500, when past twenty years of age. He made one season in Iowa, and 
while he was not largely patronized, he left some very nice colts. 
It is a little strange that until the government took up this work with 
this famous four that were in that team — all of the stallions, none of 
them had been used to speak of for breeding purposes. 
I have here a picture of the horse called Whirling Cloud. That was one 
of the leaders in that famous four. This horse stands about 15-2 and 
