98 IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
weighs about 1,100. He is now 16 years old. We secured the use of him 
last spring, and he made the past season at Ames. While he has passed 
his show form, he is a horse that has that beauty of finish and that style 
and that way of going which you see illustrated in this picture. He is 
shown here in heavy harness and in action, and without any training or 
feeding, and \\ithout any special showing, this horse could be taken out 
and hitched any day and show you that kind of action. 
When we came to analyze the pedigree of this horse we found there 
two crosses running to the Morgan blood, and we find in the individual 
conformation and makeup of this animal the marks of the Morgan blood 
to a large degree. 
One of the things essential to a horse of the carriage type, in addition 
to those that I have mentioned, is that he must have finish of head and 
neck. We have found in going to Kentucky and studying the horse- 
breeding operations there that the leading sires that they are depending 
upon to produce their high-class horses, in addition to having conforma- 
tion, style and action, and this high and true lower groin, must have long 
necks with clean-cut throats, and the men who are dealing in horses and 
putting them on the market put great emphasis upon that. It is out of 
the question to expect a short, thick-necked horse to ever meet these re- 
quirements. A horse to have this finish, style, action, a high way of 
going, and the endurance and the power of lung and staying quality, must 
have the long, clean-cut, breedy-looking head and neck. I think that is 
a feature very frequently overlooked. There is a difference in the type of 
horse required to meet the heavy harness demands and the type of horse 
required for speed, necessarily; and yet very many strains of horses that 
have been prominent in developing the highest speed have, when trained 
and fitted for carriage purposes, developed a high degree of excellence 
there. 
I saw recently a horse now owned in Chicago and being shown there 
this week, son of a son sired by Hambletonian X, and the only grandson 
living that I know of. He is a horse with good speed record, and one of 
the best judges I know of told me that he is the only horse ever seen in 
the west good enough to go into Madison Square Garden and defeat Forest 
King. That is the horse that has given rise to the speed lines of our 
American-bred horses, and yet he has that beauty of finish and style and 
way of going that is essential to the carriage horse of America. 
Of course the practical phase of this question that interests many of 
you is, can we produce that kind of horses in America, and will it pay? 
The speed business is a business by itself, and the farmer as a rule is not 
fitted to producing that kind of horses. The producing of heavy harness 
or carriage horses is quite distinct from that, and it is not necessary 
to go into the speed phase. We have all over this country a great many 
horses of good type for producing heavy carriage horses, and we have, 
moreover, a large number of mares on the farms of Iowa and other states 
that are suited to mate with that kind of horses. They blend and mate 
with them better, as a rule, than with the imported coach breeds; and 
the market and show records will amply justify the statement that a much 
larger percentage of good horses has been produced in that way than by 
