238 IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
of the cows that go into the Chicago market that are tubercular. Still 
they are shipped in defiance of the national law. There is a law saying 
that no animal suffering from a contagious disease shall be shipped 
out of a state and I understand that it is the intention of the Bureau 
cf Animal Industry to enforce this. 
There is a way to stop tuberculosis in hogs. That is to boil the 
milk, stop feeding milk, or clean up your cattle. The practical way 
seems to be where there are tubercular cattle to quarantine the place, 
test the cattle and make the man clean up his herd. At Cedar Rapids 
the federal government in some experiments there to determine the 
tubercular farms, tagged something like thirty-four hundred head of 
hogs and out of the whole number that were furnishing hogs to the abat- 
toir six per cent were furnishing hogs that were tubercular and the 
other ninety-four were not. The packers of the present time have to 
stand the loss unless they state that they will not do that. There are 
certain packing houses in Iowa who will not receive hogs from certain 
dairy districts. They will not take them except subject to inspection. 
That means a great loss. I think according to the last statistics there 
were slaughtered about fifty-two million hogs and of this number one and 
a half per cent w^ere tubercular. That does not mean that one and a half 
per cent were condemned, but that they were tubercular. They con- 
demn them to the offal, use them for lard or pass them. It means that 
there is a great loss that can be prevented if we take proper measures in 
order to prevent the spread.. There is a state law requiring the heating 
of all milk that comes from a creamery to 185 degrees. Now, if that 
is enforced in all daries you would not have the tuberculosis that you 
do have in the different herds in the state. So much for the subject of 
tuberculosis. 
As to the subject of hog cholera. Last year I took up the subject 
of hog cholera and dwelt on the patent foods to prevent hog cholera, or 
preventive measures used, disinfectants used and the use of certain hog 
cholera cures that are put on the market for nothing more than to 
keep up the expenses and help to declare dividends for certain cor- 
porations engaged in the manufacture of these products. There is no 
value at all in these so-called hog cholera cures. Some of them contain 
certain drugs that destroy intestinal parasites, but as far as prevent- 
ing hog cholera is concerned they will not do it. They put the sys- 
tem in a little better shape to resist the disease, but will not prevent it 
if they once get infected. The United States Department of Agriculture 
has been investigating these swine diseases for a good many years and 
I think that in 1885 they discovered what was the cause of hog cholera. 
They worked along certain lines in trying to produce toxines and anti- 
toxines in order to produce immunity, but they failed. Deswinets was 
the first man to work to this, as he discovered that it was due to some in- 
visible organism. These investigations were worked out by Drs. Dorset 
and Niles and they have worked out the details of this great work and 
a great deal of credit is due to them for what we know of hog cholera 
at the present time. During the past year the Experiment Station at 
Ames conducted some experiments in conjunction with the federal 
government in confirming or checking their experiments. They carried 
