NINTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII 277 
Center Creamery Co., Harlan 92% 
Carl Meier, Denver 91 
E. M. Guiney, Tripoli 91 
C. E. Carr, Frederika 91 
C. P. Elliott, Cascaden 91 
J. B. Domayer, Dyersville 93 
T. R. Wilson, Mallard 92 
O. F. Courbatt, Shell Rock 92 
L. W. McCreery, Early 90 
THURSDAY AFTERNOON, 2 :15. 
Chairman: The convention will please come to order, and the 
first on the program will an address on ''Breeds and Breeding of 
Dairy Cattle, and Why It Pays," by T. J. Julian, of Algona. 
BREEDS AND BREEDING OF DAIRY CATTLE, AND WHY IT PAYS. 
T. J. JULIAN, ALGOXA, IOWA. 
Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: Perhaps you buttermakers think 
because you make up the finished product that you are the whole thing, 
but I want to tell you that you are only one of the small cogs in this great 
dairy wheel. The dairy cow is the foundation of the whole dairy business. 
There are four well known breeds of dairy cattle in the United States, 
viz.: Holsteins, Ayreshires, Jerseys and Guernseys. The Brown Swiss 
and Dutch Belted cattle are now being bred exclusively for the dairy, but 
are not so well known as the four breeds given above. 
The Holsteins are the oldest distinct breed of cattle in the world. When 
Caesar conquered Gaul the black and white cattle were found in the north- 
west portion of Europe. As this portion of Europe is famous for its soil 
fertility, abundance of rich grasses and production of large crops of 
grain, it naturally follows that the Holsteins should be of large size, a 
good feeder and a great producer of dairy products. Bred for over 2,000 
years by these painstaking Hollanders, they have become so fixed in 
dairy characteristics that they always stamp the black and white color on 
their off-springs, no matter with what breed they are mated. They are 
the largest producers of milk in the world. 
The Ayrshires as a distinct breed dates back over 150 years. A cross 
of the native cattle with cattle from the Alderney Island w^as the founda- 
tion of the breed, environment, feed, selection and care have made the 
Ayrshires one of the greatest of dairy breeds for certain sections of the 
country. 
The Jerseys have been bred on the Island of Jersey for nearly 200 
years. In beauty they out-class all other breeds of cattle. Being bred 
and raised on a soil noted for its great fertility, these cattle take of the 
peculiar characteristics of the soil as indicated by their size and pro- 
ducers of the richest milk of any breed of cattle in the United States. 
