278 IOWA DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE 
The Guernseys are almost identical, being a little larger, different in 
color, being a yellow color, milk not quite so rich but of a distinctly yel- 
low color. 
The Brown Swiss is comparatively a new breed in this country, al- 
though bred for centuries in Switzerland. They are more of a dual pur- 
pose cattle, although now breeders are turning more to the strictly dairy 
type. The same may be said of the Dutch Belted cattle. So very few 
are being bred in the country that they are comparatively unknown. 
We would like to urge on the buttermakers of doing all in their power 
to encourage the farmer who patronizes his factory in all that he does 
toward bringing a better quality of milk or cream, and also point out to 
him better ways of feeding and caring for milch cows. 
To do this he must exercise great tact and skill as human nature is 
such that oftimes the farmer resents any information however good. We 
think the buttermaker should visit his patrons, especially about milking 
time; note how the work is done. See how the feeding is done, and of 
what it consists of. From his observations among the different dairies he 
will be in a position to explain to the poorer class of dairymen how the 
more successful men are breeding, feeding and caring for their cows. He 
can also be a distributor of the best dairy literature among his patrons. 
Such papers as Kimball's Dairy Farmer and Hoard's Dairyman are the 
best published in the west for dairymen. 
Before we give our ideas on building up a dairy herd, we would like to 
tell how to build up a dairyman. When a farmer decides to change his 
system of farming to dairy farming, he must re-learn a great deal he sup- 
posed he knew about cows. The type of cow, her feed, care, environ- 
ment, must be radically different from what he has been in the habit of 
doing. We would strongly advise him to take a six months' course of 
reading Kimball's Dairy Farmer and Hoard's Dairyman. We advise these 
two papers because dairying in all its branches is the main issue and not 
on the side as with the rest of our agricultural papers. They discuss 
breeding, feeding, caring for and rearing dairy cattle. What feeds and 
how to raise these feeds to the best possible advantage. They tell what 
the best dairymen are doing and what they are making per cow each year. 
To the expert dairyman they are indispensible. To the average dairyman 
they are a source of knowledge each issue. To the beginner in dairying 
they offer kindly advice, stimulating and encouraging him in his new 
effort by pointing out the success of the best dairymen and arousing in 
him a spirit which will lead to success. 
In breeding up a dairy herd, there are four foundation principles that 
must be strictly adhered to or followed if success is to be secured. Each 
one of these principles is inter-dependent on each of the others, and all 
four must be mixed and blended to make a successful and profitable dairy. 
They are breeding, feeding, care and selection. 
In breeding up a dairy herd, type must be the first consideration. 
Where milk and butter are the prime object in building up this herd, this 
end should be constantly held in view. Let the dual purpose idea strictly 
alone. It is a false and unprofitable doctrine. Having selected the breed 
you like best and is best suited to your soil and environment, then comes 
the selection of a sire, for the foundation of your future success or fail- 
