NINTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART VII 299 
that quality plays a very important part in jBxing the price and regulat- 
ing the consumption. While no doubt some improvement has been made 
during the last few years in quality, I think I am safe in saying that our 
butter is not, as a whole, in the same class as the butter that was made 
when we worked under the whole milk system, and yet it is surprising 
what a good grade of butter some of our large creameries make, under 
what might be termed perfect sanitary conditions, from the bulk of their 
cream, or that which grades number one. Every creamery, however, re- 
ceives cream, from which it is impossible to make first-class butter, no 
matter what methods are employed. Some of this cream reminds me of 
what Mark Twain said about Naples. He said he had heard the term, 
"See Naples and die." He saw Naples and did not die, but he said the 
smell was awful. This is the kind of cream that all parties interested 
in the welfare of dairying should unite in condemning and refuse to ac- 
cept under any consideration. 
Not many years ago there was started in this state a system that was 
known as the Moody & Sharpies system. This was the beginning of the 
hand separator system, or the skimming of cream by separators on the 
farm. Many of us opposed this method, as we feared a lowering of the 
quality would ultimately follow. Nevertheless, the system increased. 
Hand separator factories sprang up in various parts of the country. Right 
here in this city you have two or three factories. One of them is pos- 
sibly the largest and best equipped factory in this country. Now, if we 
have this great demand for hand separators, there must be some reason 
for it, and when we investigate, we find that the hand separator system 
is based on economic principles, and to my mind there are three reasons 
why the sale of hand separators is increasing and cannot be stopped any 
more than -the incoming of the tide. 
Under the whole milk system it costs, I should say, about 12 cents per 
hundred to deliver the milk, or about 3 cents per pound to deliver the 
butter fat. Under the hand separator system it costs about IVo cents per 
pound to deliver butter fat, if delivered daily. If delivered every other day, 
the cost of course would be much less. In connection with this, the value 
of the skimmed milk for feeding purposes is increased at least one- 
third, owing to the fact that it is skimmed while warm and is in the best 
possible condition for young stock. The third reason is a very important 
one at the present time. A man who has a hand separator and who 
skims his own milk is not in danger of transmitting tuberculosis to his 
stock from other herds. While this system must increase on account of 
the reasons given, it must also be regulated so as to meet the demands for 
quality. 
There is nothing about a hand separator that will injure cream, if 
the ordinary precautions in cleanliness and regulating of temperature are 
observed. There is no good reason why cream cannot be delivered every 
other day in good enough condition to make the highest possible grade 
of butter. This system has enabled farmers in all parts of the country to 
take up dairying, whether there was sufficient milk in this neighborhood 
to warrant the erection of a creamery or not. So, today we have local 
buyers and cream shipping in practically all states where dairying is car- 
ried on, especially in the central west. 
