416 IOWA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
expiration, a sort of jerky motion with every breath. The double ex- 
piratory movement may also be detected by allowing the horse to exhale 
against the face or back of the hand. It will be observed that the ex- 
piratory current is not continuous, but is broken into two jets. When 
the animal is exerted a wheezing noise accompanies the breathing. This 
noise may be heard to a less extent when the animal is at rest if the ear 
be applied to the chest. 
As before remarked, indigestion is often present in these cases. The 
animal may have a depraved appetite, as shown by a desire to eat dirt 
and soiled bedding, which he often devours in preference to the clean 
food in the trough or manger. The stomach is liable to be overloaded 
with indigestible food. The abdomen may assume that form called "pot- 
bellied," The animal frequently passes wind of a very offensive odor. 
When first put to work dung is passed frequently; the bowels are often 
loose. The animal cannot stand much work, as the muscular system is 
soft. Round-chested horses are said to be predisposed to the disease, and 
it is certain that in cases of long standing the chest usually becomes 
rounder than natural. 
Certain individuals become very expert in managing a horse affected 
with heaves in suppressing the symptoms for a short time. They take 
advantage of the fact that the breathing is much easier when the stomach 
and intestines are empty. They also resort to the use of medicines that 
have a depressing effect. When the veterianrian is examining a horse 
for soundness, and he suspects that the animal has been "fixed," he 
usually gives the horse as much water as he will drmk and then has him 
ridden or driven rapidly up a hill or on a heavy road. This will bring 
out the characteristic breathing of heaves if the horse is so afflicted, but 
will not cause the symptoms of heaves in a healthy horse. All broken- 
winded horses have the cough peculiar to the affection, but it is not 
regular. A considerable time may elapse before it is heard and then it 
may come on in paroxysms, especially when first brought out of the 
stable into the cold air, or when excited by work, or after a drink of 
cold water. The cough is usually the first symptom of the disease. 
Treatment. — When the disease is established there is no cure for it. 
Proper attention paid too the diet will relieve the distressing symptoms 
to a certain extent, but they will undoubtedly reappear in their intensity 
the first time the animal overloads the stomach or is allowed food of 
bad quality. Clover hay or bulky food which contains but little nutri- 
ment have much to do with the cause of the disease, and therefore should 
be entirely omitted when the animal is affected, as well as before. It 
has been asserted that the disease is unknown where clover hay is never 
used. The diet should be confined to food of the best quality and in the 
smallest quantity. The bad effect of moldy or dusty hay, fodder, or food 
of any kind can not be overestimated. A small quantity of the best hay 
once a day is sufficient. This should be cut and dampened. The animal 
should invariably be watered before feeding; never directly after a meal. 
The animal should not be worked immediately after a meal. Exertion, 
when the stomach is full, invariably ae-gravates the symptoms. Turning 
