NINTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK— PART X 423 
PARASITi:S IX THE EYE. 
Acari in the eye have been incidentally alluded to under infiiimmation 
of the lids. 
Fllaria Palpedralis is a white worm, one-half to one inch long, which 
inhabits the lachrymal duct and the underside of the eyelids and haw in 
the horse, producing a verminous conjunctivitis. The first step in 
treatment in such cases is to remove the worm with forceps, then treat 
as for external inflammation. 
Filaria Equina is a delicate, white, silvery-looking worm, which I 
have repeatedly found 2 inches in length (a length as great as 5 inches 
have been reported). It invades the aquenous humor, where its constant 
active movements make it an object of great interest, and it is frequently 
exhibited as a "snake in the eye." It is found also in other internal 
cavities of the horse, to which it undoubtedly makes its way from the 
food, and especially the water swallowed, and its prevention is therefore 
to be sought mainly in the supply of pure water from closed deep wells. 
When present in the eye it causes inflammation and has to be removed 
through an incision made with the lancet in the upper border of the 
cornea close to the sclerotic, the point of the instrument being directed 
slightly forward to avoid injury to the iris. Then apply cold water or 
astringent antiseptic lotions. 
Filaria Conjunctivae, resembling Filaria Equina very much in size 
and general appearance, is another round worm which has been found in 
the eye of the horse. 
The Echijwcoccus, the systic, or larval stage of the echinococcus tape- 
worm of the dog, has been found in the eye of the horse, and a cysticercus 
(Cysticercus Fistularis?) is also reported. 
HARNESS GALLS (SitfaStS) . 
Wounds or abrasions of the skin are frequently caused by ill-fitting 
harness or saddles. When a horse has been resting from steady work 
for some time, particularly after being kept idle in a stable on a scanty 
allowance of grain, as in winter, he is soft and tender and sweats easily 
when put to work again. In this condition he is apt to sweat and chafe 
under the harness, especially if it is hard and poorly fitted. This chafing 
is likely to cause abrasions of the skin, and thus pave the way for an 
abscess, or for a chronic blemish, unless attended to very promptly. Be- 
sides causing the animal considerable pain, chafing, if long continued, 
leads to the formation of a callosity. This may be superficial, involving 
only the skin, or it may be deep-seated, involving the subcutaneous fibrous 
tissue and sometimes the muscle and even the bone. This causes a dry 
slough to form, which is both inconvenient and unsightly. Sloughs of 
this kind are commonly called "sitfasts" and, while they occur in other 
places are most frequently found under the saddle. 
Treatment. — Abrasions are best prevented by bringing the animal 
gradually into working shape after it has had a prolonged rest, in order 
that the muscles will be hard and the skin tough. The harness should 
