NINTH ANNUAL YEAR BOOK-PART X 499 
mulcent agents may be given: 1 dram anise water, 1 dram nitrate of 
bisn^uth, and 1 dram gum arabic, three times aday. Under such a 
course the consistency of the stools should increase until in a day or 
two they become natural. 
If, however, the outbreak is more general and evidently the result 
of contagion, the first consideration is to remove all sources of such 
contamination. Test the milk of the cow with blue litmus paper, 
and, if it reddens, reject the milk of that cow until by sound, dry 
feeding, with perhaps a course of hyposulphite of soda and gentian 
root, her milk shall have been made alkaline. The castor oil or mag- 
nesia will still be demanded to clear away the (now infecting) irri- 
tants, but they should be combined with antiseptics, and, while the 
lime water and the carminative mixture may still be used, a most 
valuable addition will be found in the following: Calomel, 10 grains; 
prepared chalk, 1 ounce; creosote, 1 teaspoonful; mix, divide into ten 
parts, and give one four times a day. Or the following may be given 
four times a day: One dram Dover's powder, G grains powdered 
ipecacuanha; mix, divide into ten equal parts. Injections of solutions 
of gum arabic are often useful, and if the anus is red and excoriated, 
one-half dram of copperas may be added to each pint of the gummy 
solution. All the milk given must be boiled, and if that does not 
agree, eggs made into an emulsion with barley water may be sub- 
stituted. Small doeses (tablespoonful) of port wine are often useful 
from the first, and as the feces lose their watery character and be- 
comes more consistent, tincture of gentian in does of 2 teaspoonfuls 
may be given three or four times a day. Counterirritants, such as 
mustard, ammonia, or oil of turpentine, may be rubbed on the abdo- 
men when that becomes tender to the touch. 
ACUTE CONTAGIOUS SCOURING IN THE NEWBORN. 
The most violent and deadly form of diarrhoea in the newborn 
calf deserves a special mention. This may appear immediately after 
birth, and shows itself almost invariably within the first or second 
day. The most intense symptoms of white scour are complicated by 
great dullness, weakness, and prostration, sunken eyes, retracted belly, 
short, hurried breathing, and very low temperature, the calf lying on 
its side, with the head resting on the ground, lethargic and uncon- 
scious or regardless of all around it. The bowel discharges are pro- 
fuse, yellowish white, and very offensive. As a rule, death ensues 
within twenty-four to thirty-six hours. 
A marked characteristic of this form of illness is that it attacks 
almost every calf born in the herd, or in the building, rather, and if 
the calf escapes an attack in the first two or t^iree days of its life 
it usually survives. Those that recover from an attack, however, are 
liable to suffer from an infective inflammation of the lungs one or 
two weeks later. The infection clings to a stable for years, rendering 
it impossible in many cases to preserve and raise the calves. It has 
frequently coincided with abortions and failures to conceive in the 
same herd, so that it has been though that the same infective germ 
