Hippuritinae. 238 



Birostrites 



Birostrites, Lam. 1819. 



tnaeqin'Ioha, Lam. (Radiolites Hocninghausii), A. S. Yert. 

 vol. vi, 236. 



CAPRINA, C. d'Orb. 1823. 

 adversa, d'Orb. Sr., An. d. Mus. vol. viii, pi. 3, f. 1-3. Fr., 



a. r. G. 



Aguilloni, d'Orb. Rev. Crit. 1839, p. 169. Fr., G. C. 



hqmrtita, d'Orb- Sr. (adversa), An. d. Mus. vol. viii, pi. 3, f. 



4-5. 

 Boissi/f, d'Orb. (Caprintjla), Rev. Cuv. 169. 



Coquandiana, d'Orb. 1839, Rev. Cuv. 109. Fr. C. 



cosfafa, d'Orb. (Caprotina), id. 109. 



laminea, Gein., Reuss, Bohm. Kreid. 53, 45, 6. Gr. C. 



Lonsdalei, Sow. Sp. (CaE'ROTIna), Brown, Foss. Concli. G. B. 



p. 176. 

 MicJielini, Math, (Caprotina varians). Cat. 113, 4, 6-7. 

 Partechn, Hauer. (Aguilloni), 1847, Nat. Abh. p. 109. 

 quadripnrtita, d'Orb. (Caprotina), Rev. Cuv. 169. 

 Russiensi's, d'Orb. (Caprotina), Geol. Russ. 496, 43, 31-33. 

 semistriata, d'Orb. (Caprotina), Rev. Cuv. 109. 

 striata, d'Orb. (Caprotina), id. 169. 

 fn'lohata, d'Orb. (Caprotina), id. 169. 

 crassifibra, Roeni. Kreid. Tex. 79, 5, 6. Tex. C. 



"3. No Brachiopod has a subnacreous shell with water chambers. 



"4. The upper valve has a different structure from the lower. 



" 5. Each valve is unsymmetrical. 



" 6. The valves are right and left, not dorsal and ventral. 



"7. They are articulated by teeth and sockets, which is not the ease witli 

 Crania; and the teeth are developed from the free valve. In all lixed Brackio- 

 2)ods, the teeth are on the fixed valve. 



"8. The Hi'pimritidae had a large internal ligament (like Spoiidylus) for open 

 ing the valves. 



"9. The muscular impressions are two only. 



"10. The so-called va.=;cular impressions are on the rim of the shell, not on the 

 disc, as in Crania, kc. 



" 11. The Ilipjmrilidac have a distinct pallial line."' 



The above reasons are certainly conclusive, as far as regards their separation 

 from the Brachiopnda, but I cannot understand how they fix any reasonably close 

 family relations with either of the families to whicli Mr. Woodward refers them. 



