1861.] 289 [Introduction. 



In his own researches. Dr. Brilcke bases himself on the works of 

 Kempelen and Willis, and at the close of his work, gives a synopsis 

 of the systems of J^, Wallis (Gram. Linguce Anglic?e, Oxon. 1653), 

 Court cle Gehelin (Monde primitif, &c., Paris, 1757), Kempelen 

 (Mechanismus der menschlichen Sprache, Wien, 1791), dii Bois- 

 Reymond (^^ Cadmus oder allgemeine Alphabetik," in a journal 

 called "die Musen,'' 1812), Cldadni (Gilbert's Annalen, 1821), 

 Purhine (Badania w przedmiocie fiziologii mowy ludzkiej, 1836), 

 Dr. Joh. Midler (Lehrbuch der Physiologic, 18-44), Ellis (Essentials 

 of Phonetics), Lepsius (Das allgemeine linguistische Alphabet, Berlin, 

 1855), Max MiiUer (Languages of the Seat of War, London, 1855). 

 In addition to these works, I have consulted Olivier (UrstofFe der 

 menschlichen Sprache, Wien), Bindseil (Abhandlungen zur Allge- 

 meinen Vergleichenden Sprachlehre, Hamburg, 1838. This work 

 is a general repository of everything almost that has been published 

 on the subject of phonology), K. Heyse (System der Sprachlaute in 

 Hofer's " Zeitschrift fiir die Wissenschaft der Sprache, ^^ Vol. IV 1, 

 1853, and also in his " System d. Sprachwissenschaft,'' edited by 

 Steinthal, 1856), Falkmann (Declamatorik, Hannover, 1836), Rapp 

 (Physiologic d. Sprache, Stuttgart, 1836), Dr. Bruch (Zur Phy- 

 siologic d. Sprache, Basel, 1854), Dr. Rush (Treatise on the Human 

 Voice, Philadelphia), Sir John Berschel (Treatise on Sound, in 

 '' Encyclopaedia Metropolitana"), and also the introductions prefixed 

 to the dictionaries of WalkeVj Smart, Webster, Worcester, and 

 Fli'ujel. A great deal of information has been derived from the ex- 

 cellent articles of R. von Raumer on phonology, orthography, and 

 permutation of the consonants, in the Journal of the Austrian Col- 

 leges, where among other works he has also reviewed the essay of 

 Dr. Briicke. It is quite interesting to watch the encounter between 

 these two gentlemen, of whom the former represents the linguists, 

 desiring to acquire a physiological basis for their science, and the 

 latter the physiological observer, unembarrassed by any linguistic 

 system. In addition to his linguistic opponent. Dr. Briicke had to 

 cope with adversaries in his own camp, as with Professor Kudelka, 

 Dr. Merkel, &c. 



As regards my own mode of proceeding in this matter, I became 

 early imbued with the idea that the problem of English pronuncia- 

 tion and orthography can only be solved on physiological grounds, 

 and thus, studying the interchanges of the vowels and consonants in 

 the English and other languages on the one hand, and experimenting 

 on the physiological formation of the vowels and consonants on the 



