1861.] 327 [Consonants. 



them with the sonant breathing tlie sonant fluid consonants. There 

 are thus 1, hard consonants which are blown; 2, sonant soft consonants 

 which are breathed, and non-sonant soft consonants where the blow 

 is reduced to the minimum degree of its velocity and resembles a 

 breathing; 3, fluid consonants which are blown, and sonant and non- 

 sonant consonants which are breathed. 



As regards the order in which the consonants, generated in each 

 of the articulating stations, are presented by the various phonologists, 

 I propose to exhibit the systems of each in the following schemes, 

 commencing with my own : 



I. II. III. 



HARD CONSONANTS. SOFT CONSONANTS. FLUID CONSONANTS. 



= blown. = breathed. 1. 2, 



a) sonant. blown. hreathed. 



b) non-sonant. a) sonant. 



b) non-sonant. 



2. Prof, von Eaumer's scheme (Zeitschrift f. d. oesterreichischen 

 Gymnasien, Jahrgang ix, Heft 5, page 357) : 



I. II. 



EXPLOSIVE SOUNDS. CONTINUOUS CONSONANT SOUNDS. 



(Yerschlusslaute.) (Konsonantische Dauerlautc.) 



a. h. a. I), 



hloicn. hreafJied. hloicn. hreathed. 



(flata3) (halatae) (flatae) (halata^ ) 

 [= non-sonant] [= sonant] 



3. Dr. BrilcJce's scheme (pages 30, 55, &c.): 



I. 11. 



EXPLOSIVE SOUNDS. FRICATIVE SOUNDS. 



(Yerschlusslaute.) (Reibungsgerausche.) 



a. h. a. I), 



non-sonanf. sonant. non-sonant. .-:onant. 



The object of reducing the consonants generated in the various 

 articulating stations into a system, may either be to exhibit their 

 mutual relations, or to give a synopsis of the elements conspiring in 

 their formation. The history of language reveals the relations be- 

 tween the several consonants, by tracing the changes which they un- 

 dergo in the course of time, and upon being transplanted from one 



