Tafel.] 330 [October. 



again into 1, Explosivae simplices (h, d, g); 2, Explosivae aspiratae 

 (p, t, h). 



Ellis has explodents and continuants, and Lepsius, explosivae or 

 clividuae, and fricativae or continuae, and each of these he sub- 

 divides into foi'tes and lenes. 



Prof. Max 3Iuller (Bunsen's Outlines, &c., Vol. II, page 445), 

 divides the consonants into teniies and mediae, and mio fiatus sihi- 

 ?a??^6s, among which he distinguishes asj^eri and lenes ; in addition 

 to these he has both teniies and mediae aspiratae, following the 

 Sanscrit grammarians.] 



After these extended remarks on the nature of the hard, soft, and 

 fluid consonants, I can proceed in my work, and specify the different 

 consonants, generated in each of the articulating stations. 



§ 12. In the j^rs^ or labial station two series of consonants may 

 be produced. This station is composed of the lips and the upper 

 teeth, and can be closed either by pressing the lips together, or 

 holding the lower lip against the upper teeth. In either case, by 

 closing the station firmly and exploding it by a blow, we obtain the 

 lahial hard consonant p ; by shutting it more tightly and opening 

 it by breathing against it, we get the non-sonant lahicd soft conso- 

 nant b in German, and by making the breathing sonant and collect- 

 ing it in the back part of the mouth, before exploding the station 

 with it, the common labial soft consonant b in English. The hard 

 and soft consonants, produced by these two methods, viz., by press- 

 ing the lips together, or holding the lower lip against the upper teeth, 

 scarcely differ from each other, but in their pronunciation the station 

 is usually closed according to the first method, i. e. they are pronounced 

 with the lips compressed ; but the difference between these two kinds of 

 consonants becomes apparent in the pronunciation of the fluid conso- 

 nants. If we hold the lower lip loosely against the upper teeth and 

 blow through the station, when thus disposed, we get the fluid con- 

 sonant f, by breathing through it the German fluid consonant uj, 

 and by making the air sonorous before breathing it through the 

 opening, the English fluid consonant v. By pressing the lips loosely 

 together, we obtain another series of fluid consonants; by blowing 

 through the station we get a modification of /, which is nothing else 

 but a common blowing. Dr. Briicke says that this/ is used by 

 many Germans in the pronunciation of u in qu, e. g. Quelle, Quirlj 

 &c. By breathing the vowel-sound u m flute through the station, 

 when thus disposed, we get the English vowel-consonant w, which 

 has been described above. In the labial station we thus obtain the 



