ÖTUDIE« OX TUE ECi'Oi'ARAtSlTlO TllEMAToDEtt OF JAPAX. J[QCj 



the female duct l)y its cousttint form ; but iu Microcotijle, Axinc, 

 Octocotijle, DicUdophora, Ilexacutijh', and ( hifhocolijlc. it can not he dis- 

 tinguished superficially from the other parts unless (Uu-ing the period 

 of reproductive activity. It is, however, usually well eliaracterised by 

 tlie fact of its receiving the openings of numerous unicellular shell- 

 glands either through(3ut its whole extent, as in Axinc, Microcotijh'^ 

 Odocotylc, DiclidopJiord, ( hichocotijlc^ and Hcxacofijle ; or, as in 

 Tristoniani, Epilnlclla, CuliaAtjlc. and MonocotijJf, only at the beginning 

 of the ooty[). In most genera of the first group the shell-glands are 

 situated only around the o(3typ ; l)ut in most species of Microcolijlc 

 they are present not only around the ootyp but also at some distance 

 behind it (I'l. IV, fig. 4), so that those that are far removed 

 frcjm the (jotyp c(jme to be provided Avith long etferent ducts, which 

 then open close to each other at the very beginning of the ootyp. 

 AVhen the glands are active these etferent ducts are filled with a 

 granular substance, evidently the product of secretion, which stains 

 deeply with haematoxylin (IM. IV, fig. 1). It is undoubtedly these 

 ducts which Lorenz" has described as the ''(^)uaste." In Micrucu- 

 tille the shell-glands form, moreover, a compact mass around the 

 ootyp, which looks usually triangular in cross-section (IM. I^ , fig. <S), 

 owing to the pressure of tlie neighlxjuring organs. In other case, 

 where the glands are free from any pressure, they are arranged almost 

 uniformly on all sides of the ootyp, as in ^Lxiiu\ ILcxaaAijk, (Jclocodjle, 

 and DicUdoithora. 



In Onchocolijlc the shell-glands are divided into four groups 

 owing to the intervention of other organs (PI. X\\, fig. 3). There 

 are two _frou[)s on the dorsal side and two on the ventral side of the 

 bodv, the grou[)s on the same side bjing separated from each other in 



1). Lorenz— Ueber die Organisation der Gatt. Axine u. Microcotyle. Wiener Arbeiten, 

 Bd. 1, 1878. p. 17 & 27. 



