AX OROGRAPHIC SKETCH <>f KORB \ .-, 



sudden turn of their courses, the most prominent one of the chains 

 would undoubtedly be that of the Chang-pai-shan n (Kor. Chyang- 

 päik-san), which is the prolongation of the axis of Liau-tung, namely, 



W.S.W. to E.N.E." 



It is quite otherwise for the rest of the peninsula. The diret- 

 ioii (N.X.W. — S.S.E.) of the highly-elevated, eastern coast led him 

 to suppose the knee at Mao-êrh-shan 2) of the Am-nok River was 

 caused by the prolongation of the coast range which seems to penetrate 

 far into the interior of the Xonni and Sungari regions. The ex- 

 istence of this old strike-direction in the gneisses of Shan-tung can 

 be seen in some measure in the peninsular land-feature, though at 

 later times the axis of folding in W.S.W. to E.N.E. became pre- 

 valent. 



v. RiCHTHOFKx's wide experience in China, especially in Shan- 

 tung, forces him to recognize this important tectonic line, which 

 / venture to call the Korean in contrast to the Sinian. I will return 

 to this Korean line in the sequel. 



Korea had a good geographer a century age, just as China had 



1) Some confusion seems to exist in reference to the nomenclature of the sacred mountains 

 on the border-land of Korea and Manchuria. The Manchus call the Ko-erh-min-Shang-chien- 

 Alin (î$ffîB;M%tW%ï>)- In °l d Chinese books they are named Chang-pai-shan (êÔlU). T'u- 

 t'ai-ahan (fê;fclll), or Pai-shan (Ö Ui>- At present, people call them Lao-tai-shan (5gA|Il) or old 

 great mountains, Chang-alin or long mountains, on the Manch urian side. On the opposite 

 Korean side, the natives speak of them as Chyang-päik-san (Long-white Mountains), Po-tai-san 

 (Rich-great Mountains), or Thai-päik-sau (Great-white Mountains). The meanings attached to 

 these names are all the same, signifying white or long white mountains. The peoples from the 

 Manchurian, as well as from the Korean side seem to make no distinction between the long 

 range and the volcano upon it which is at the same time the culminating point of the range. 



I look at and describe the border-mountains from the Korean side, and call the range itself 

 the Chyang-plik-san, and the volcano Pa ik-ttisan or the White-head Mountain. It should be 

 noticed that there is another Chyang-päik-san in nothern Ham-gyöng Do, which should be 

 distinguished by prefixing Syo (Smalt). Wängler remarks (Die geographische Verbreitung der 

 Vulkane, 1901, S. 25.) that Krahmer (Russland in Äsien,TY.) writes Pei-to-san (for the volcano) 

 instead of Paischan, the former, Korean, the latter, Chinese. This remark is likely to produce 

 further confusion. 



2) flitînLlll. a Chinese military station. 



