ART. 1.— B. KOTO 



geui Do, Kang-uön Do, Chhyung-chhyöng Do, Chyöl-la Do, and 

 Kyöng-syang Do. I venture to call the former North and the latter South 

 Korea. This dividing line is not only convenient for descriptive 

 purposes, but is almost a natural boundary. 



Firstly, because it is the boundary of historical development. 

 The north is the land of Keui-chä Chyo-syön, — the oldest dynasty of 

 Chinese origin, founded by Keui-chä (B.C. 2317). This was 

 succeeded by the second Chyo-syön, — the dynasty 2) of the Ui family 

 (B.C. 209 — 107). Having been for a while amalgamated with the 

 Chinese Empire (the Han dynasty), it had fallen into the hands of 

 the Pu-yö 3) invaders, who called the country Ko-ku-ryo 4) (B.C. 36 — 

 A.D. 672). These kingdoms had their rise and fall in the northern 

 peninsula, and a part of Manchuria, or at their greatest their south 

 boundary was the river Han, which flows through the heart of 

 Kyöng-geui Do, and near the bank of which is situated the present 

 capital Seoul (Han-syong) 5) . 



In short, the north is the old Chyo-syön, while the south was 

 little known during these early periods. Later, there had arisen in 

 South Korea about B.C. 209 the Three Hans, viz., Sin-Han 6) , 

 Pyön-Han 7) , and Ma-Han 8 - 1 . From the first two had sprung up in 

 Kyöng-syang Do the Kingdom of Sil-la 0) (B.C. 57 — A.D. 936), and 

 from the last, Päik-chyöi 10) (B.C. 17— A.D. 660). 



It was only in still later times that the whole peninsula was 

 united under the one government of Ko-ryö"> or Korea (918 — 1392), 

 which was replaced by the present I-family, the last Chyo-syön. 

 With the rise of a new dynasty the name of the government is alter- 



i) g? ï) SîA 



3) &ßfc- 4) &4gR. -' 5) &$(&&». 



6) ßff Chyöi-lliui in Gale's Korean-English Dictionary, L897. 



9) mm- l0 ) •&»■ u > a»- 



