AN ORO IB LPHIC SKETCH OF KOREA t) 



ed, and at the same time thai of the country, just aa is the case in 

 China. The five-hundred years' existence of the [-family terminated 

 in 1898, since which time the peninsula has gone under the name 

 ofTai Han l K 



s 'ondly, because the dividing Line ia the lin«' of the leaal eleva- 

 tion of the land. Nowhere else do we find an easy path from the 

 Sea of Japan to the opposite shore. The only passes from the free 

 port of Wön-san via Seoul to Ché-mul-pho arc the Thyöl-lyöng 83 and 

 Chyuka-ka-ryöng 3) , the first being situated on the east of the latter, 

 and both being not far from Wön-san ; we have to choose one of 

 them for an overland route. The so-called Chyuk-ka-ryöng road has 

 a marked topographic feature. It is a rift valley or Graben obliquely 

 crossing the geological strike. From the top of Nam-san in Seoul, 

 we see on the east a regular cliff with its escarpment toward us. It 

 runs from the mouth of the Keum Grange to the head of Wön-san 

 harbour, and the well-fortified castle of Koang-jyu 6) , 12 kilometers 

 from the capital, stands on its edge. I call this the Koang-jyu ridge. 

 The other ridge starts from the Ma-sing-nvong ö) , the highest pass of 

 1020 meters (the second pass A-ho-bi-nyöng being 760 meters), 

 between Wön-san and Phyöng-yang, and lowers at the mouth of the 

 Im-jin Gang 7) . The Ma-sing-nyöng ridge turns its fault-scarp to the 

 east, making the counterpart of the Koang-jyu ridge, thus forming 

 the trench-fault, Great basalt Hows occurred at the end of the Ter- 

 tiary, filling up the bottom and now forming the sterile plain of 

 Thyöl-uön 8) or iron plain, so named from some resemblance of the 

 lava to magnetite. The Chyuk-ka-ryöng road goes gradually up this 



i) tt% 



2) $xM %öng, ly'ong, or nyong (&), and kokai, kogäi or hyön (AJ|), of ten affixed to local 



names, signify mountain-pass. 



3) rr»&- 4} £gfl; 5) $->H- 



c) .!?;&&. 7) &$-a: 8) 



