w OROGK \ r It I « SKETCB OF KOKEA. |3 



a great measure to this geological event. The block-edges I call col- 

 lectively the Korean Range. 



Having given this general skeleton, lei me novi proceed to details. 



A. THE HAN LAND". 



South Korea is the land of the First Three Hans (B.C. 209- 57). 

 where the petty kingdoms led a very troublesome, ephemeral ex 

 istence, waging among themselves never-ceasing war for the political 

 ascendency. Sin-Han (cap. Kyong-jyu), and Pyön-Han (cap. Kim- 

 häi) occupied the present Kyöng-syang Do, and from them later 

 sprang up the Kingdom of Sil-la (cap. Kyöng-jyu, A.D. 57 — 926). 

 Ma-Han (cap. Ik-san) had its home in Chyöl-la Do, Chhyung- 

 chhyöng Do, and a part of Kyöng-geui Do, and developed into 

 Sil-la's rival, Päik-chyöi (caps. Chik-san, Koang-jyu, modern Seoul, 

 Ung-jin, and Pu-yö, B.C. 17 — A.D. G60 2) . The natural boundary of 

 Kyöng-syang Do with the two western Do lies in the Syo-Päik-san 

 range, and their ruined castles are still be seen at the foot of the 

 mountain-passes. We now return to the subject of orography. 



a. THE SINIAN SYSTEM. 



Starting from the free port of Mok-pho, and following up the 



1) By the Han-land or the Three Hans, I mean the First Three Hans, viz., Mar-Han 

 (%W), Pyön-Han (#f$f), a,nd Sin-Han (Jgfê). It must be understood that there were the 

 Second Three Hans, arisen at later times. They were Sil-la (föjgi), PSik-chyöi (Siff>- :inl Jvo " 

 ku-ryö (jg'&jSg), the latter embraced the whole North Korea, beBidea a part of southern Man- 

 churia. 1 must also call the reader's attention not to confound Ko-ku-ryo (|gj5j8g) of Pu-yö 

 tribe with Ko-rijö (jtjfg). They were quite different dynasties that had existed in North 

 Korea, the former being older. To avoid confusion, the former should better be called Ku-ri/o 

 (B.C. 30— A.D. 672), and not Ko-ku-ryo. From Ko-ryö (918—1392), the present European name 

 Korea is derived. 



2) Their struggles were the cause that led Japan to make the acquaintance of Korea in 

 former days, in complying with the earnest request of one of these rivals for armed help. In 

 return, the Koreans introduced the Chinese civilization iDto Japan. 



