14 ART. l.—B. KOTO: 



Yöng-siiD Gang north-eastward through the plain of Na-jyu u , Koang- 

 jyu 2 \ Tam-yang 8) , and Syun-chhyang 4) , we then turn to the north 

 and proceed to Seoul through the plain of Chyön-jyu 5) , the town of 

 Kong-jyu 6) , across the Keum Gang 7 - 1 , and the plain of A-san 8) , to the 

 capital. This route passes through the wealthiest and most populous 

 districts. Besides, we have to cross two ridges on the way. 



a) The first ridge lies between Syun-chhyang and the general 

 magisterial town Chyön-jyu, and this is No-ri/ümf*. From Nam-uön 10) 

 to Chyon-jvu, the road crosses the same ridge a little to the east, — Man- 

 ma-koan 11} . This is a fold-mountain of normal gneiss, granite-gneiss 

 and mica-schists, with the axis trending from S.W. to N.E. I con- 

 sider this to be a member of the Sinian System which is typically folded 

 in Fokien and neighbouring: provinces in South China. Pumpelly 12) 

 says that " a line drawn from near Canton, and passing through the 

 Chusan archipelago, will represent the mean trend of the coast range 

 (of China), and, if prolonged to the N.E., it will cut the Corean 

 peninsula near its southern end." I have simply to corroborate his 

 wide-reaching assertion. It is very remarkable to see that in modern 

 writings about Korea Pumpelly's opinion on this point is consigned 

 to oblivion. 



The No-ryong range disappears in the Ssang-cha 13) group of 

 islands off the coast of Mok-pho, where still the forms of islets 

 bespeak its natural connection. Each and every islet of the group 

 appeal's like a shark's tooth projecting from the surface of the sea; 

 as a group they arc arranged in the Sinian direction. To the north- 



i) B'Hi 2) %•)]]. 



3) WW 41 ^a 



■"•> £'>l'l- 6) £'>H. 



') flEZL 8) ^mj. 



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12) ' Geological Researches in China, Mongolia, and Japan,' p. 2. Smithsonian Contribution 

 t.. Knowledge, 1866. 13) #&?'■&& 



